Media Law Assignment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Media Law Assignment - Research Paper Example Bruce would priest to his dad on the telephone and his stepmother Edie would listen unobtrusively. One morning Edie asked Bruce inquiries about Jesus and she consented to get Jesus. The complainant's charge was that the pamphlet had distributed the story on the web, and one of Edith's family members had seen it. Edith Rapp asserted that Jews for Jesus erroneously affirmed that she had joined their association. In the other option, the complainant asserted that the association had implied that she had come to have confidence in the way of thinking, activities and principle of Jews for Jesus. In her second corrected objection, Edith asserted among others, bogus light. The court at preliminary permitted Jews for Jesus to have the grumbling excused, and a few sections to be struck from the objection as the Fourth District court had said that the passages were basically polemical ' against Jews for Jesus. The preliminary court excused all the ensuing objections by Edith Rapp. On bid, the Fourth District tended to the issue of Rapp's excused cases. With respect to slander, the court was of the view that the 'normal psyche' perusing the pamphlet would not discover Edith an object of among others, disparage. The court’s end was correspondence would possibly be slanderous if the offended party was preferential according to generous and good minority of the network. The finish of the court was that the standard had not been applied. By the by, the court avowed the excusal of his slander guarantee based on the network standard appropriate. Bogus light had its starting point in the custom-based law tort of attack of security. William L. Prosser, a main researcher in tort law clarified the tort of attack of protection built up this region of law. Prosser's proposition was that intrusion of security was made of four torts, which were particular, and among them was bogus light. The Supreme Court found that components of bogus light and maligning cover. The Supreme Cour t contended that having the trial of profoundly hostile to a sensible individual standard has the danger of forestalling free discourse in light of the fact that the lead, which is denied, isn't clear. It was the court's feeling that the law of tort is intended to forestall just as reward improper lead, at that point it ought to be clear in recognizing the unfair direct. The court along these lines found the tort of bogus light couldn't breeze through that assessment. The territory wherein this educated varied with criticism was equivocal and inclined to a great deal of subjectivity. The court found that having exceptionally hostile data perceived in any event, when a sensible individual would discover it profoundly hostile included a segment of subjectivity. In view of the court's audit of the law in Florida and different wards, it expressed that it couldn't disregard the cover among slander and bogus light. In spite of the fact that the court recognized that in a larger part of th e states recognizes bogus light as a reason for activity, what was striking was the way that the survey of this choice uncovered that no case, wherein judgment was exclusively founded on bogus light reason for activity has ever been effective. Taking everything into account, the court declined to perceive bogus light as an appropriate purpose of activity in the province of Florida and suppressed the Fourth District's choice in restoring Rapp's bogus light case. 2. Interruption Intrusion is based how an individual from the media carries on. Interruption hence relies less upon

Discussion week 8 The Importance of Social Media and Web Analytics Assignment

Conversation week 8 The Importance of Social Media and Web Analytics - Assignment Example As referenced, Salina was noticed that the key fixings to her prosperity are: â€Å"quality content, the structure and supporting of a crowd of people, and findability† (Robson, 2012, p. 4). Two of the web based life techniques that Salina utilized are: (1) banding together with YouTube; and (2) advancing her instructional recordings through Do-It-Yourself (DIY) locales, as CutOutAndKeep (Robson, 2012, p. 3). The banding together with YouTube end up being instrumental in upgrading mindfulness, access and viewership to her intended interest group. Then again, picking to advance the recordings through DIY locales was regarded to be contributory to affirmation of her aptitudes and abilities as a craftsperson. Posting her instructional recordings in these web based life locales gave the chance to Salina to launch to acclaim and to be known in expressions of the human experience and specialties attempt. 2. From the situation, organize the most huge parts of an internet based life crusade as per the degree of impact each could have on the new item dispatch. Analyze both the web based life instruments that will give the best yield on speculation (ROI), and two (2) key execution pointers (KPIs) that one could use to quantify achievement. Give a basis to your reaction. From the situation, it was noticed that the most critical parts of web based life crusade as per the degree of impact each could have on the new item dispatch of the tablet are: (1) informal (W.O.M.); and (2) interpersonal organizations. The internet based life devices that could give the best yield on speculation (ROI) would in this manner rely upon precisely recognizing the objectives of the advertising effort and to discover how much assets or assets have been spent (measure of venture) to create the focused on return (Developing Social Media Campaigns for the New Product Launch, 2014). In this manner, to gauge the capacity of creating the most elevated

American Revolution Lesson Integrating Multiple Sources to Answer a Question

American Revolution Lesson Integrating Multiple Sources to Answer a Question (0) This is the first in a series of lessons that teach research and writing skills around the topic of the American Revolution. Overview In this lesson, you will learn how to evaluate multiple sources in diverse formats and put them together to answer a question. Multiple Sources During research, you will encounter many different types of sources. These can include primary and secondary sources of many different types. Editorial cartoons, newspaper articles, legislative documents, speeches, videos, and secondary texts are just a few examples. Each type of source has its own strengths and weaknesses. Primary and Secondary Sources Primary sources were produced at the time of the event you are researching. These can include diary entries, newspaper articles, speeches, television footage, even Facebook posts and live Tweets. Secondary sources are created “after the fact.” These secondary sources can present a summary of what occurred and can include multiple points of view. Secondary sources include textbooks, academic journal articles, memorial websites, and documentary films. Print and Digital Sources As you know, the type of source itself can vary depending on the era of creation. Today you may search for digital versions of your sources. Fifty years ago, almost all sources were printed. While digital sources make historical research easy, they also have strengths and weaknesses just like print sources. Source Strengths and Weaknesses Any source you encounter will have strengths and weaknesses; this will affect if and how you will use it in your research and writing. Sources can be assessed on the basis of task, purpose, and audience. As a reminder: Task is the reason why you are looking for sources. You should choose sources relevant to your task. Purpose is the reason why that source was createdto inform, to persuade, or to entertain. Audience is the individual or group for whom the source was written. How a source communicates will vary with its intended audience and purpose. Editorial Cartoons Listen to the sound clip below:? Editorial cartoons: Visual representations of opinion Persuasive Audience = readers at the time of publication Good for understanding contemporary opinions Need more context and additional sources to be  balanced Newspaper Articles Listen to the sound clip below: Narrative accounts of events Informative Audience = readers at the time of publication Good source for contemporary information and opinions Petitions Listen to the sound clip below: Formal documents that make a case or state a position Informative or persuasive Written for recipients of the petition Useful to see contemporary opinion Requires context to understand the petition Speeches Listen to the sound clip below: Spoken texts Persuasive Audience = listeners and attendees of the speech Useful to see contemporary opinion Context needed to understand, as well as additional research to understand references made? Sources About Economics and the American Revolution In order to answer the question,  How did economics contribute to the start of the American Revolution?,  you will need to examine an array of sources, then integrate the information the sources provide to come up with a complete answer. Below, you will look at the Tea Act, itself, a set of resolutions, and a newspaper article about the Tea Act of 1773. In each case, you will need to consider not only what the document says, but also the purpose and audience of the source. How can these sources help you address your task? The Tea Act The British Parliament issued the Tea Act in 1773. Click he?re to view the first two paragraphs of the Tea Act. The document is complex, so try to skim for a general understanding. As you read, consider not only what the document says, but also the purpose and audience of the source. How would this source help you address your task? The audio clip provides further analysis.  Listen to the sound clip below: Philadelphia Resolution Click h?ere to view the “Philadelphia Resolutions,” a set of proclamations published in the Pennsylvania Gazette on October 16, 1773 in response to the Tea Act. As you read, consider not only what the document says, but also the purpose and audience of the source. How would this source help you address your task? Listen to the sound clip below to hear an analysis of the source.  ? Newspaper Article The most famous response to the Tea Act is the Boston Tea Party of December 16, 1773. Click he?re to view an account of that protest just after it occurred. Consider not only what the document says, but also the purpose and audience of the source. How would this source help you address your task? Listen to the sound clip below to hear an analysis of the source. Putting the Sources Together The sources that you have seen â€" the law, the  set of resolutions, and the newspap?er accountâ€" can help you answer the question, How was the economy a contributor to the beginning of the American Revolution? You can put these sources together to show how British actions regarding the Tea Act, an economic policy, led to a colonial response. Resolutions, boycotts, and extra-legal action like dumping the tea were all responses to the economic policy that laid the groundwork for the American Revolution. Conclusion In this lesson you evaluated multiple sources from different formats, looking at the strengths and weaknesses of each source in terms of task,  purpose and audience. You combined these sources to answer a historical question about the influence of economics on the causes and course of the American Revolution. Help  your students cite in  MLA format, APA format,   Chicago style  with our guides and citation tools!

The Article Don t Indulge - 945 Words

When are we complete? When are we content? When are we satisfied? When are we completely content that we are satisfied with our happiness? The question never arose until someone mentions it to you. What will make you happiest? I agree with the article â€Å"Don’t Indulge. Be Happy.† by Dunn and Norton who state that what we do with our money plays more of an important role to our happiness than how much money we make. Throughout the article it made me realize things I never really payed any attention to, like the fact that money can’t buy happiness. No matter how much money we make, no matter how rich or poor we are the money we hold in our hand, make at our jobs or keep in our accounts will not give us the happiness we want. Yes money can buy us things we want but at the end of the day we’ll always want more. The things we can’t buy with money can make us most happy like love, family and friends. We’re all rich, you just have to count the th ings money can’t buy. We live in a jungle, maybe not the type of jungle you’re thinking of with trees and grass, but we live in a jungle filled with concrete roads, tall buildings and wild people. Everyone is in search for love, you may be able to buy it but it won’t be real love. Over the years I’ve watched TV shows and just regular people fall in and out of love and not once did I see someone happy with someone with a lot of money, that’s definitely not love, you can’t buy it. Everyones heart belongs to someoneShow MoreRelated7 Ways Of Avoid Holiday Weight Gain1026 Words   |  5 Pages7 Ways to Avoid Holiday Weight Gain By Tim Gritzman | Submitted On June 02, 2010 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest This makes sense: October through January is the murderer s row of the calendar year whenRead MoreHow To Break A Bad Habit946 Words   |  4 PagesUnderstanding your habit B. Focus on your needs C. Discover alternative methods V. BUILDING YOURSELF A NO ZONE A. Pick a person as an anchor B. Build a No zone C. Have less desire to indulge VI. REPLACE THE BAD WITH THE GOOD A. Stop negative thoughts B. Focus on positive alternatives C. Praise yourself VII. DON T BE AFRAID TO ASK FOR HELP A. Tell your friends and family B. Ask for support C. Seek professional help (if needed) CONCLUSION REFERENCES COMMON BAD HABITS We all know that nobodyRead MoreDefending The Morality Of Violent Video Games1486 Words   |  6 Pagespossible. This got many people upset because the gremlins actually looked like real people (Kohler, 2007). According to (Kohler, 2007) many arcade owners refused to buy any Death Race machines because of the controversy (Kohler, 2007). Many owners didn t want to receive any backlash from any form of critics that find the game disturbing. The activity of playing video games is at its highest point during adolescence years (Exelmans, Custers, Van den Bulck, 2015). Time spent playing video games as anRead MoreFastfood1128 Words   |  5 Pagescollege education and software because fast food is so convenient. Fast food restaurants are easy to find in cities and towns across America. They offer quick meals for busy lifestyles that are so quick and convenient, you don t even have to get out of your car to get them. An article in USA Today points out the convenience of drive-through win dows, stating that many fast food places aim to have customers wait less than a minute. Since the 1970s, fast food drive-through windows have become ubiquitousRead MoreDiamonds, The Embodiment Of Esteem And Romance1601 Words   |  7 Pagesreason, one that involves a masterful marketing campaign, and human consumerism conditioning, to create a market where there isn t one. The latter, unfortunately is more akin to reality than you would think. And for it to all make sense one would have to look at the history of the consumer demand of diamonds, and their usage throughout their long history. Diamonds weren t always used as adornments or jewelry pieces and many believe, in fact since ancient times to even the middle ages, diamonds hadRead MoreWhy Mindfulness Meditation Gaining So Much Popularity Essay900 Words   |  4 PagesSo Much Popularity in the West? By Charles A Francis | Submitted On March 26, 2012 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Expert Author Charles A Francis If you re new to meditation, you know how hard it isRead MoreAnalysis Of The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1437 Words   |  6 Pagesaddition to his elaborate parties, he wears extravagant pink suits with gold ties and drives an eye-catching yellow car. All this he does in order to gain Daisy’s attention. Also, For most of the book, nobody knew how he got his wealth and people didn t care. Until later we find out that he got his money from Gatsby got his wealth from illegal things so he could afford all of the cars, parties, clothes, boats. But mostly on the parties. This shows us that Gatsby s involvement with bootlegging as wellRead MoreQuestions On Writing A Sharp Memory Essay967 Words   |  4 PagesDevelop A Sharp Memory By Raman Kuppuswamy | Submitted On September 10, 2015 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook 1 Share this article on Twitter 1 Share this article on Google+ 1 Share this article on Linkedin 1 Share this article on StumbleUpon 1 Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg 1 Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Expert Author Raman Kuppuswamy If you want to succeed in life, you must have aRead MoreSample Resume : The Garden Cafe1656 Words   |  7 Pagesis my favorite place to eat in York, South Carolina. The atmosphere is so delightful. The service and attention to detail is impeccable. Whether you re looking for a place for lunch with the girls, a romantic dinner or a wedding reception, you won t be disappointed. Teresa James, the owner, has an eye for detail and her experience in the art of hospitality shows from the moment you enter the door. The restaurant has seating for 130 patrons. The ambience reeks of southern charm. The lunch hoursRead MoreRay Bradbury s Fahrenheit 4511592 Words   |  7 Pagesit [been]since you were really bothered? [Bothered ]about something important, about something real?†(pg) Ray Bradbury s book Fahrenheit 451 although written in 1953, was ahead of its time predicting technological marvels and our potential to indulge and be addicted to electronic media. The novel presents a twilight zone of what society could be like if books and the written word were no longer desired and the main purpose of life becomes the hunt for personal happiness. So, has our society

Definitions of Tasc Essay Topics

Definitions of Tasc Essay Topics Argument essay writing is a troublesome and overwhelming procedure that may take a couple days. You need to set up facts, possess the confidence and demonstrate the obvious evidence of your private viewpoint to certain phenomenon. Your specific ideas and opinions in the paper has to be supported with arguments. You have to come across decent evidence to back up your ideas and examples to illustrate the evidence. The Meaning of Tasc Essay Topics For example, let's say if you're writing about language history essay than you might have to to incorporate all of the information concerning the history language on the planet irrespective of any specific region while in specific language history essay, you would speak about history of the language of a specific region. Besides general knowledge you have concerning the subject, you won't mind dedicating some opportunity to research, writing procedure, and other aspects essential for the high-quality e ssay. If you're struggling, you always have the option to get help by utilizing an essay writing service such as ours. One particular important and appropriate subject is technology. Getting the Best Tasc Essay Topics You devote a good deal of education on writing argumentative essays. Following are a few of the suggested sociology essay topic for those students that are unable to choose a great topic for their assignment. If you're in a college and wish to compose an argumentative essay, you should select a subject of high importance. Consequently, students may develop different thesis for unique themes to compose essays on hamlet. Should you need professional help with argumentative essay topics, don't hesitate to speak to us. You don't need to acquire super technical with legal argumentative essays, but don't forget to do your homework on what the recent laws about your favorite topic actually say. Locating good essay topics you might discuss effectively and create powerful argumentative essays is a challenging work. The most effective argumentative essay writing service on the net is an organization that supplies good quality and inexpensive help on argumentative essay and argumentative essay topics. Even today exists a group of men and women who believe that essay writing is the simplest portion of any educational program and that which you have to do there, is to just go on writing whatever and wherever you truly feel like writing whatever comes in your mind. It is crucial to begin with demonstrating the most important idea of the entire piece so you and your readers are going to be on the very same page. You may also decide on any latest research work that's somewhat controversial to allure the readers to compose argumentative essay. As an issue of fact, the content of your essay is dependent on what you're likely to write about. Moreover, in-text citations will present your awareness of the various papers formats. Typically, it doesn't include references and quotes in it. You're able to pick topics from several lists of ready themes. At the conclusion of these list, you will discover links to a range of argumentative paragraphs and essays. It is possible to observe a list of 25 topics you can select from the one which best fits your assignment. In situations when you get to pick the topic for an argumentative essay, you need to be wise and locate a title that will intrigue a reader. It is essential to pick a great topic so as to compose a good paper. Characteristics of Tasc Essay Topics Therefore, the above told six position essay topics can help you compose a fantastic piece to position essay, but be sure whatever topic you're selecting isn't hard to understand and on which you are in possession of a good expertise, otherwise you won't be in a position to create sturdy arguments. The very first step is to learn the topic you want to write about. It's not sufficient to settle on a topic which everybody agrees on. A superb topic will ensure it is simpler to pursue the purpose of an argumentative essay, which is, clearly, the whole investigation of the problem you speak about. Quite frequently, the very best topic is one which you truly care about, but you also will need to get well prepared to research it. It's possible to select an intriguing topic from any area of science. Instead of just immediately writing about your argumentative essay topic, you should first think about what it is you're likely to put back on your paper through a procedure of brainstorming and pre-writing. Before actually beginning to compose your essay, you have to pick an issue to write about. If you must compose your whole essay in 1 day, do your very best to give yourself breaks so you don't burn out. There are many steps which you should take as a way to write an exceptional essay. There are lots of aspects about a sport that may be argued in an essay. Before writing argumentative essay, a suitable comprehension of the subject ought to be developed, and relevant and authentic material ought to be used. If you successfully determine the objective of language essay than you ought to ensure that the subject of language essay should fit in the goal. You should be able to use persuasive language.

Ethan Frome Tragic figure that function Free Essays

Ethan Frome: Tragic figure that functions as an instrument of the suffering of others ay cache1897 unit Four: Ethan Frome In the novella Ethan Frome by Edith Wharton, main character Ethan Frome is a man that faces many disappointments as well no self-assurance. Ethan Frome is definitely a tragic flgure that functions as an Instrument of the suffering of others In the novel. Ethan Frome overall is a very tragic tale of misery and suffering, and any of the main characters involved can be connected to that suffering. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethan Frome: Tragic figure that function or any similar topic only for you Order Now Wharton makes Ethan not only the victim, but the function of all the other characters suffering to ruly get In depth with the flaws that Ethan possesses. Zeena, Ethan FromeS wife experiences much suffering due to Ethan. Ethan spent his whole life never being able to stand up for himself. He chose to marry Zeena for the sole reason that she would end his loneliness. It could have also been the fact that he felt bad that she dedicated her life to taking care of Ethan’s mom. Next, Ethan decided to give Zeena a loveless relationship. Never in the text does Ethan show any sort of emotion toward his wife, nor does she show any towards him. Ethan is omewhat awful towards the one in which he personally chose to be his wife. He chooses to go to â€Å"work† rather than drive her to the doctor, he decides to pursue another woman who Is his wife’s cousin, and lastly, he chooses to kill himself for the sake of his own independence and his â€Å"love† for Mattie. Zeena however, can be aggravating at times which causes Ethan to act certain ways. Zeena tragically has â€Å"hypochondria† which brings out the cold, unhappy, domineering woman who whines and complains incessantly. Ethan lets Zeena dominate him which shows his flaw of eing subordinate. These mistakes eventually lead to his fall. It Is clearly seen that Zeena uses Illness to get Ethan’s attention and love he hasnt been giving. Zeena makes it hard for Ethan to show how he feels about Mattie in his heart, because when she comes around, Ethan Is blindsided by her thoughts in his head. â€Å"†¦ but there was only one thought in my mind: the fact that, for the first time since Mattie had come to live with them, Zeena was to be away for the night. He wondered if the girl were thinking of it too†¦ † (40). Another main character is Mattie Silver, who is he desired women Ethan wants to be with rather than his wife. From early descriptions of Mattie, she appears to be the silvery maiden whose arrival Into Ethan Frome’s desperate life provides love and hope. Wharton describes Mattie as being a lively and happy young woman, before her suicide attempt that leaves her an invalid and a former shadow of herself. Her name, Mattie Silver, symbolizes the glistening and beauty of a piece of sterling silver. Wharton also states â€Å"The pure air, and the long summer hours In the open, gave life and elasticity to Mattie† (Wharton 60). Thls quote give Mattie the image of someone with great beauty and personality. Ethan has strong feelings for Mattie and it turns out that the maiden has mutual feelings. Because she has feelings for him, and the sweetness of spirit to interest him in return, the resulting tragedies occur. She develops a catastrophic attitude. She had the mindset that if she couldnt be with Ethan, and be happy, then she doesn’t want 1 OF2 sne tnen encourages Etnan to take tne slea down ana commit sulc10e wltn her. Her spontaneous and drastic emotions that are tied up with Ethan lead to much uffering. The fact that Ethan quickly agrees to commit suicide shows that he isn’t really self-reliant and doesn’t think for himself. Wharton shows a flaw that Ethan possesses which in turns cause much suffering for him and Mattie. Ethan Frome is definitely painted as a tragic figure in his crippled state of misery. His tragic flaw could be that he is too indebted to family, and feels too much obligation to them. This brings him home to care for his parents, and won’t allow him to leave his wife to seek happiness. It’s a good trait, loyalty, but in this case it eeps him shackled in a miserable situation, that, because he won’t resolve it in a different way, leads to his tragic and spontaneous decision on the day he decides to go sledding with the women he truly desired. Although Ethan may have suffered, his suffering impacted the people around him. Ethan and his wife represent a broken relationship. It is very ironic how the pickle dish Zeena cherishes is broken. The fact that Zeena’s cat breaks the pickle dish is significant. The cat is already symbolically linked with Zeena. How to cite Ethan Frome: Tragic figure that function, Papers

Media Ethics Towards Employing Utilitarianism and Kantian Theory in Examining Practical Ethical Issues

In this era of global interactivity and extreme media scrutiny, real-life situations and instances of behaviour that raise ethical issues and moral dilemmas continue to reverberate across all civilizations in the world. The role of the media in disseminating information to people is legion, but arising ethical issues persist to put this important institution in a collision course with germane issues that must be primarily dealt with for responsible practice (Plaisance, 2009).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Media Ethics: Towards Employing Utilitarianism and Kantian Theory in Examining Practical Ethical Issues specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These ethical issues put into perspective the need to rely on philosophical thought to decide on the proper course of action. It is the purpose of this paper to utilize both utilitarianism and Kantian theory to critically examine some underlying ethical issues relating to the claim below: There’s almost no situation in which I’d stop filming to do something, because I think a film record of a given situation is ultimately more effective, and has greater impact. In the end, it helps more people than if I put down my camera to lend a hand (Bowden, 1987 p. 182) To offer a critical evaluation of the above claim, it is imperative to briefly discuss the two broad classifications of philosophical thought from which utilitarianism and Kantian theory derives from. The first classification – teleological ethics – comprise of theories which are essentially concerned with outcomes or consequences and the capacity to produce the best possible decisions. These theories are glued by the premise that ethically right decisions are those that produce maximum consequences (Albarran, 2010). To date, utilitarianism, with its axiom of the greatest good still offers the best example of teleological ethics. The second classification – deontol ogical ethics – comprise of ethical theories concerned with the philosophical process of arriving at decisions based on established principles (Albarran, 2010). These theories affirm that the rightness or wrongness of an action or behaviour is dependent on that particular action or behaviour and not on the outcomes or consequences it produces. Deontological ethics are best illustrated in the philosophical works of Kant. Utilitarianism, espoused by such philosophers as David Hume, John Stuart Mill, and Jeremy Bentham, among others, states that moral actions are correct to the extent that they tend to enhance the ‘greatest good for the greatest number.’ As one of the best known adaptations of consequentialism, this theory defines what is morally acceptable in terms of the â€Å"maximization of the net expected utility for all parties affected by a decision or action† (Smart Williams, 1998 p. 83).Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? L et's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In other words, human beings ought to behave or act in a manner that occasion the best possible outcomes from their actions (Russo, n.d.). Consequently, acceptable behaviour or actions, according to utilitarianism, should be evaluated by rules and guidelines that, if universally followed would lead to the greatest happiness for the greatest number. Judging by the above description, it appears that the author of the claim in discussion based his arguments on utilitarian theory. Indeed, he argues that a film record of a situation is eventually more effective, has a greater impact, not mentioning the fact that it helps more people. In essence, the film record will enhance the greatest good for the greatest number of viewers the scenario that was being filmed notwithstanding. Such philosophical thought has serious ethical undertones since it therefore means that it actually does not concern us what kind o f behaviour or actions we engage in or what our intentions are when engaging in them, as long as the outcomes of our behaviours or actions are generally positive to the wider audience. According to Russo (n.d.), â€Å"†¦what all utilitarians have in common is that they accept one and only one principle of morality, the principle of utility, which states that in all our actions we must always strive to produce the greatest possible balance of good and evil† (para. 3). This therefore means that when faced with a choice between two divergent courses of action, a utilitarian will always aim to select the one that bears the best overall outcome or consequence for the majority who might be affected in one way or another by the actions. In the claim, it is clearly evident that the author would choose the action that has a greater impact and helps more people – that of continuing to film instead of lending a hand. Again, this has serious ethical undertones assuming that t he situation he is filming demands that people offer assistance such as a plane clash. Many modern institutions, including the media and democratic institutions, are built around the principle of utilitarianism, that is, ‘the end justify the means.’ Indeed, actions are judged based on the outcomes, not on the objectives, intentions or motives (Terrall, 2007). As such, the individual would be justified to continue filming since he is bound to achieve the best possible outcomes from his action – that of assisting more people. To argue along this continuum, however, is counterintuitive since such actions are taken more for profit orientations than for ethical considerations. When evaluated under the lenses of ethical considerations, utilitarianism in contemporary institutions, including the media, justifies the treatment of individuals as a means to an end. There arise serious ethical connotations when individuals are viewed as a means to achieve an outcome that is agreeable to the majority.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Media Ethics: Towards Employing Utilitarianism and Kantian Theory in Examining Practical Ethical Issues specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In equal measure, ethical issues arise if individuals assume that an action or behaviour is acceptable if it generates a greater sum of good than evil for all the individuals who are affected by such an action (Russo, n.d.). This, it appears, is the mentality of the individual who continues to film since filming by itself will have a greater impact and will assist many people than helping the situation. As already mentioned elsewhere, Kantian theory is firmly rooted in deontological ethics. Kant proposed an intricate system that specified the duties endowed upon us as moral agents. According to Plaisance (2009), â€Å"†¦at the core of [Kant’s] system is the claim that our human capacity for reason enables u s to know these duties and that freedom enables us to act on them (p.8). As such, the foundations of Kantian theory are rationality and liberty. For Kant, individuals are bound by obligation to act and behave morally as the only way to perform their duties to others. It is imperative to note that by moral action, Kant insinuated that individuals should test and evaluate their actions by inquiring if they could be universalized, that is, whether it would be morally acceptable if every individual applied the actions as standard of behaviour (Johnson, 2008). It therefore follows that the individual in the filming claim would have first stopped to ponder if it was agreeable for everyone to continue filming the arising situations as opposed to lending a hand. In fact, he would have never at the first place been so sure to say that ‘there’s almost no situation in which I’d stop filming to do something†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ since he was not in a position to know or judge if su ch an action could be universalized to others in similar profession or situation. This demonstrates why Kant was so strict on rationality and liberty. In a hypothetical situation, say a car accident where people are trapped inside the car, a Kantian follower would have reasoned out to first cease filming and lend a hand. If the situation was not that serious, a Kantian follower would have taken the liberty to start filming the situation. Here, the Kantian theory appears more ethically acceptable. Kant formulated the famous ‘categorically imperative’ phrase, implying duty without exception (Plaisance, 2009). This principle demands obedience and core moral obligations that all individuals must meet. Consequently, Kant was of the opinion that individuals are owned respect not because of their professions or individual positions, but for the reason that they are human beings with ability to reason.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Plaisance (2009), â€Å"†¦this universal moral obligation requires that we treat individuals as ends in themselves and never sorely as a means to attain other goals or desires we may have† (p.9). In equal measure, the philosopher was of the opinion that morality was principally about motives. To him, motives are the basis of actions and these, not results or consequences – should be the basis for ethics. Back to the filming claim, it is vehemently clear that the individual use the means (situations) to achieve the ends (having a greater impact and assisting more people). The Kantian theory, however, is clear that the individuals should be perceived and treated as the ends in themselves and never sorely as means. Here, the underlying ethical issue is that utilitarianism, its axiom of achieving the greatest good notwithstanding, is open to abuse in contemporary times. In media institutions, indeed, it is rightfully or wrongfully used and depicted as bei ng in the ‘public interest,’ and in the case of newspapers, it is being used and passed as ‘what the public is interested in.’ Such catchy phrases have serious ethical undertones since what one segment of the public is interested in may not be universalized to the other population, not mentioning the fact that the motive behind an action, say publishing a story, may not necessarily be the reason why a certain outcome is desired (Elder, 2001). All in all, both utilitarianism and Kantian theory have been discussed at length in relation to the claim about filming. Ethical issues have been highlighted on both sides and critical appraisal offered. What is clear is that although the claim about filming is utilitarian in nature, utilitarianism raises more ethical issues than Kantian theory. Both philosophical thoughts, however, have their advocates and critics, and it is premature to discount utilitarianism is a valid theory of ethics. Indeed, according to Terrall (2007), many modern institutions, including the media, heavily rely on utilitarianism. However, as have already been discussed, the theory has serious ethical ramifications when compared to Kantian theory. List of References Albarran, A.B (2010). Management of Electronic Media. Boston, MA: Wadsworth. Elder, R (2001). Difficult Decisions: Ethical Issues for the American Media in Times of National Emergency. Web. Johnson, R (2008). Kant’s Moral Philosophy. In: Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Web. Plaisance, P.L (2009). Media Ethics: Key Principles for Responsible Practice. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc. Russo, M.S (n.d.). Utilitarianism in a nutshell. Web. Smart, J.J.C., Williams, B (1998). Utilitarianism: For and Against. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Terrall, E (2007). The Ends or the Means? Kantian Ethics v/s Utilitarianism. Web. This essay on Media Ethics: Towards Employing Utilitarianism and Kantian Theory in Examining Practical Ethical Issues was written and submitted by user F1rebrand to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Result of US

Result of US Introduction The United States has had an eventful relationship with countries of Latin America. Latin America has historically been the US’s backyard as far as foreign policy is concerned (Cottam 4).Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Result of US-Venezuela Relations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Given its diversity and active politics, various US administrations since Kennedy have focused on different issues including military operations to achieve predetermined political and social ambitions, narcotics control, humanitarian interventions and economic aid to Latin America. Sullivan reinforces Cottam’s suggestion that that US policy concerns in Latin America mainly center on US funding for democracy projects, oil issues, human rights concerns, counter-narcotics and concerns about Venezuela’s involvement in Latin American politics (3). US policy images on Venezuela Relations A keen observer can easily note that Venezuela features in all the above policy issues. Hugo Chavez has led the country since 1998 safe for a brief period in 2002 when he was overthrown through popular protests and pressure from the military. Given his position as leader of the country, his stance on US policies and his pursuit of populist policies in the country and elsewhere in Latin America, Chavez remains a key figure to success or failure of US policies in Venezuela. Despite close relations between US and Venezuela, there has been friction between him and various US administrations. During all those times, US foreign officials have been careful on their wording on Venezuela especially stressing on the need for Chavez to accommodate some of the opposition’s grievances and Chavez’s adherence to democratic principles. It is important to note that the US’s approach in Venezuela is chiefly aimed at ensuring a continued steady supply of oil to the US at a reasonable and stable p rice.Advertising Looking for coursework on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Clemente, some scholars on US’s Latin American policy conclude that US foreign policy officials view Latin American people including Venezuela as temperamental, immature and incapable of self governance (60). There is reluctance or plain lack of effort on the part of US officials to try to learn the exact needs of people of Venezuela. Clemente further asserts that many at times, US officials will ascribe negative moral traits to Latin American leaders like Chavez when these leaders oppose policies fronted by the US in South America (60). The above view by US officials fuels the image of inferior people in Venezuela, who have to subscribe to superior and seemingly â€Å"correct† US direction in the region. This perhaps informed the Bush administration’s support of the coup in Venezuela and support for opponents of Chavez in the pretext of promoting democracy. Implications The result of the above approach has been formulation of a somehow flawed US policy on Venezuela that is characteristic of unequal footing and lack of mutual trust. It is fair to conclude that the above image on Venezuela by the US is a little misguided. As such, its policy on the country is also likely to be error prone which may not be helpful in the long-term to US interests in the country. The above image by US officials has always been a pretext for intervention in Venezuela (Domingue and Fernandez de Castro 1). As noted earlier, the US has intervened in Venezuela through assistance of anti-Chavez groups that apparently promote democracy. The approach based on the above image has so far elicited unwanted reactions from Venezuela whose leader has embarked on a diplomatic counter offensive in Latin America to counter US policies. Given the successful fueling of anti-US sentiment in Latin Ameri ca by Venezuela, it is highly likely that US policy in the region will continue to meet resistance on various quarters. There is need for a shift in the thinking of US policy makers concerning the region. Continued basing of the policies on the above images will likely fuel a more interventionist-oriented US approach in South America which is likely to lead to more backlash.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Result of US-Venezuela Relations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Clement, Christopher. â€Å"Latin American Perspectives: Venezuelan Exceptionalism Revisited†. New Perspectives on Politics and Society. 32. 3 (2005): 60-78. Cottam, Martha. Images and Intervention: U.S. Policies in Latin America, Pittsburgh: Pittsburgh Press, 1994. Print. Domingue, Jorge, and Fernandez de Castro, Rafael. Contemporary U.S.-Latin American Relations: Cooperation or Conflict in the 21st Century, New York: Taylor and Franci s, 2010. Print. Sullivan, Mark. Venezuela: Political Conditions and U.S. Policy, Washington: US Congress, 2005. Print.

Biography of Canadian Civil Rights Icon Viola Desmond

Biography of Canadian Civil Rights Icon Viola Desmond She’s long been compared to Rosa Parks, and  now late civil rights pioneer Viola Desmond will appear on Canada’s $10 banknote. Known for refusing to sit in the segregated section of a movie theater, Desmond will grace  the note, starting in 2018. She will replace Canada’s first prime minister, John A. Macdonald, who will be featured on a higher-value bill instead. Desmond was chosen to appear on the currency after the Bank of Canada  requested submissions for iconic Canadian women to be featured on the bill. News that she was selected came several months after the announcement  that slave-turned-abolitionist Harriet Tubman would appear on the $20 bill in the United States. â€Å"Today is about recognizing the incalculable contribution that all women have had and continue to have in shaping Canada’s story,† Canadian Minister of Finance Bill Morneau said of Desmond’s selection in December 2016. â€Å"Viola Desmond’s own story reminds all of us that big change can start with moments of dignity and bravery. She represents courage, strength and determination- qualities we should all aspire to every day.† It was a long road to get Desmond on the bill. The Bank of Canada received 26,000 nominations and eventually cut that number down to just five finalists. Desmond edged out Mohawk poet E. Pauline Johnson, engineer Elizabeth MacGill, runner Fanny Rosenfeld and suffragette Idola Saint-Jean. But Americans and Canadians alike have admitted they knew little about the race relations pioneer before the landmark decision to feature her on Canadian currency. When Desmond beat out the competition, however, Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau called her selection a â€Å"fantastic choice.† He described Desmond as a â€Å"businesswoman, community leader, and courageous fighter against racism.† So, why were her contributions to society so important that she will be immortalized on the nation’s currency? Get acquainted with Desmond with this biography. A Pioneer Who Gave Back Desmond was born Viola Irene Davis on July 6, 1914, in Halifax,  Nova Scotia. She grew up middle class, and her parents, James Albert and Gwendolin Irene Davis, were highly involved in Halifax’s black community.   When she came of age, Desmond initially pursued a teaching career. But as a child, Desmond developed an interest in cosmetology due to the dearth of black haircare products available in her area. The fact that her father worked as a barber must have inspired her as well.   Halifax’s beauty schools were off limits to black women, so Desmond traveled to Montreal to attend the  Field Beauty Culture School, one of the rare institutions that accepted black students. She also traveled  to  the United States to get the expertise she sought. She even trained with Madam  C.J. Walker, who became a millionaire for pioneering beauty treatments and products for African Americans. Desmond’s tenacity paid off when she received a diploma from Apex College of Beauty Culture and Hairdressing in Atlantic City, N.J. When Desmond received the training she needed, she opened a salon of her own, Vi’s Studio of Beauty Culture in Halifax, in 1937. She also opened up a beauty school, Desmond School of Beauty Culture, because she didn’t want other black women to have to endure the hurdles she had to receive training. Roughly 15 women graduated from her school each year, and they left equipped with the know-how to open their own salons and provide work for black women in their communities, as Desmond’s students came from throughout Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Quebec. Like Desmond had, these women had been rejected from all-white beauty schools. Following in the footsteps of Madam  C.J. Walker, Desmond also launched a beauty line called Vis Beauty Products. Desmond’s love life overlapped with her professional aspirations. She and her husband, Jack Desmond, launched a hybrid barbershop and beauty salon together.    Taking a Stand Nine years before Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on a Montgomery, Ala., bus to a white man, Desmond refused to sit in the black section of a movie theater in New Glasgow, Nova Scotia. She took the stand that would make her a hero in the black community after her car broke down on Nov. 8, 1946, during a trip she took to sell beauty products. Informed that fixing her car would take a day because the parts to do so weren’t readily available, Desmond decided to see a film called â€Å"The Dark Mirror† at New Glasgow’s Roseland Film Theatre. She purchased a ticket at the box office, but when she entered the theater, the usher told her that she had a balcony ticket, not a ticket for the main floor. So, Desmond, who was nearsighted and needed to sit downstairs to see,  went back to the ticket booth to correct the situation. There, the cashier said she wasnt allowed to sell downstairs tickets to blacks. The black businesswoman refused to sit in the balcony and returned to the main floor. There, she was roughly forced out of her seat, arrested and held overnight in jail. Because it cost 1 cent more for a main floor ticket than for a balcony ticket, Desmond was charged with tax evasion. For the offense, she paid a $20 fine and $6 in court fees to be released from custody.    When she arrived home, her husband advised her to drop the matter, but the leaders at her place of worship, Cornwallis Street Baptist Church, urged her to fight for her rights. The Nova Scotia Association for the Advancement of Coloured People offered its support as well, and Desmond hired a lawyer, Frederick Bissett, to represent her in court. The lawsuit he filed against Roseland Theatre proved unsuccessful  because Bissett argued his client was wrongfully accused of tax evasion instead of pointing out that she was discriminated against based on race. Unlike the United States, Jim Crow wasn’t the law of the land in Canada. So, Bissett may have triumphed had he pointed out that this private movie theater attempted to enforce segregated seating. But just because Canada lacked  Jim Crow didn’t mean blacks there eluded racism, which is why Afua Cooper, black Canadian studies professor at Dalhousie University in Halifax, told Al Jazeera that Desmond’s case should be viewed through a Canadian lens. â€Å"I think its about time Canada recognizes its black citizens, people who have suffered,† Cooper said. Canada has its own homegrown racism, anti-black racism, and anti-African racism that it has to deal with without comparing it to the US. We live here. We don’t live in America. Desmond lived in Canada.   The court case marked the first known legal challenge to segregation presented by a black woman in Canada, according to the Bank of Canada. Although Desmond lost, her efforts inspired black Nova Scotians to demand equal treatment and put a spotlight on racial injustice in Canada. Justice Delayed Desmond didn’t see justice in her lifetime. For fighting racial discrimination, she received a great deal of negative attention. This likely put a strain on her marriage, which ended in divorce.  Desmond eventually relocated to Montreal to attend business school. She later moved to New York, where she died alone of a gastrointestinal hemorrhage on Feb. 7, 1965, at age 50. This courageous woman wasn’t vindicated until April 14, 2010, when the lieutenant governor of Nova Scotia issued an official pardon. The pardon recognized that the conviction was wrongful, and Nova Scotia government officials apologized for Desmond’s treatment. Two years later, Desmond was featured on a  Canadian Post stamp. The beauty entrepreneur’s sister, Wanda Robson, has been a consistent advocate for her  and even wrote a book about Desmond called â€Å"Sister to Courage.† When Desmond was chosen to grace Canada’s $10 bill, Robson said, â€Å"It’s a big day to have a woman on a banknote, but it’s an especially big day to have your big sister on a banknote. Our family is extremely proud and honored.† In addition to Robson’s book, Desmond has been featured in the childrens book â€Å"Viola Desmond Wont Be Budged.† Also, Faith Nolan recorded a song about her. But Davis is not the only civil rights pioneer to be the subject of a recording. Stevie Wonder and rap group Outkast have recorded songs about Martin Luther King Jr. and Rosa Parks, respectively. A documentary about Desmonds life, â€Å"Journey to Justice,† debuted in 2000. Fifteen years later,  the government recognized the inaugural Nova Scotia Heritage Day in Desmonds  honor. In 2016, the businesswoman was  featured in a Historica Canada Heritage Minute, a quick dramatized look  at key events in Canadian history. Actress  Kandyse McClure starred as Desmond.

Exemplification - Stereotyping Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Exemplification - Stereotyping - Essay Example This essay assesses the cognitive approach that classification is an important cognitive process that unavoidably leads to stereotyping in the media and gender. Adverts are created with a specific audience in mind. In spite of being designed to appeal the bigger majority in the target audience, there is no finance, resource or capability to market each unique person. Advertisers mostly exploit stereotypical types of genders with the aim of producing advertisements that have the biggest appeal. For instance, in the vast part of the United States, it is believed that men are more aggressive than women. With that mentality, men are mostly used in adverts with the intention of such adverts appealing to a bigger audience (Hawkins-Dady, 2012). It is therefore, important to distinguish between gender, sex and stereotype for research purposes. As a matter of fact, sex is the biological difference between males and females. For gender, it is the social, psychological and cultural characteristics of being a male or a female. In such a case, stereotype comes as a standardized image or conception of specific group of individuals or objects. For example, Bond and Desoto adverts show some exaggerated masculine. The men in the advert seem to be strong, tough and free. The coca cola adverts portray women as caring mothers, socially refined and serving housewives. Additionally, the Levi advert portray women as being sexually promiscuous. Also, the Hitachi telephone portray women as secretaries (Faust, 2013). Coming to the United States made me realize that women are today portrayed as being confident, independent and successful. Most adverts in the papers in United States portray the mentioned qualities, but beauty in women is still linked to being successful. Although, there is a move from this notion as noticed in one Dove advert. This advert seems to go against the norm which portrays women as thin model. The advert uses a fat woman in advertising the

Management in Middle East and North Africa Essay

Management in Middle East and North Africa - Essay Example This paper illustrates that the service industry is the fastest growing segment in the world and is the highest contributor to global output and employment among all the global business sectors. The increase in the level of privatization and urbanization along with more demand for final and intermediate consumer services have been the major drivers of the increasing importance of the global service sector. The availability of high quality of services is critical for the overall development of an economy. In the developed economies, the growth of both primary and secondary sectors is based on the growth of the main industries in the service sector like banking, trade, tourism, entertainment, education, insurance, hospitality, transport, retail etc. Both developed and developing countries are focusing on setting up a profitable and sustainable services sector in order to remain competitive in the evolving economic world. The changing demands and preferences of the global consumers have made service industry a necessity as well as an opportunity for different countries in order to develop their economies and position themselves as strong nations in the world. The increasing number and levels of cross-border transactions driven by globalization and liberalization have increased the demand for highly functional and beneficial service industries in different countries. The countries in the Middle East are competing on a global level through effective innovation and impotence given to the services sectors in these countries. The Middle Eastern countries like Qatar and Morocco have identified the importance of developing their service sectors to maintain sustainability in the evolving global world. The North African countries like Lebanon are seeing an increase in the investments and trade practices. The North African countries are developing after the advent of globalization. In this respect, they are focusing on improving the service sectors in the regions. Unlike ot her economies, Lebanon does not focus on a wide array of service industries. The country thrives mainly on commerce, tourism, and banking industries in the services sector. Morocco and Qatar, on the other hand, have multiple high performing industries in their services sector. International trade is a major service sector in Lebanon whereas other service industries like Information technology, retail, and utilities have not been established stringy in the country.

Three-Dimensional Grade Control in Road Construction

Three-Dimensional Grade Control in Road Construction Three-Dimensional Grade Control in Road Construction using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Introduction Contractors have used grade stakes installed on the side of the road at intervals of 100 feet for the vertical grade of the finished ground surface in road construction. The grade stakes are measured based on control points(CPs) which are reference points and markers established by surveyors at the design phase. By using the grade stakes, the contractors align the grade elevation with regulated tolerances which are typically less than 0.05 feet for subgrade and 0.02 feet for roadway surface (Missouri Highways and Transportation Commission 2016). The contractors confirm the final construction layout including as-built cross sections, which are measured by a total station or conventional survey methods such as a level, theodolite, and transit at intervals of 500 feet. The final products should be in reasonably close conformity with the design plans and specifications (Floyd et al. 2013). Figure 1: The conventional grade control using grade stakes (Missouri Highways and Transportation Commission 2016) However, in many cases, the contractors have experienced unsuspected discrepancies between the as-designed model and the as-built model, which cause the project cost and time overrun (Pitman 2001). These discordances could be derived from technical issues or human matters that are issues among people such as a lack of coordination and communication between designers and contractors (Arain et al. 2004). While the problems caused by human issues could be solved easily by involving the contractors and designers as coordinators, the resolving the technical problems, such as a measurement error, still remain challenges because the conventional grade control methods use only a few points to build a final grade layout, which can cause considerable errors at the non-measured area. For this reason, many researchers have studied on the application of new technologies such as a global positioning system (GPS), robotic total station (RTS), and terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) to obtain dense poi nts for the grade control. Despite all these efforts, the contractors are still using the traditional methods for grade control because of the disadvantages of the new approaches regarding the economic and usability. In this regard, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is the most reasonable way to overcome such shortcomings (Nex and Remondino 2014). The photogrammetry using UAV is a time-competitive method to generate a digital surface model (DSM) which enables contractors to obtain the dense point cloud of the long-strip roadway construction site without intervals (Chiabrando et al. 2009). Moreover, the UAV allows the user to avoid working in hazardous environments (Barry and Coakley 2013). With such advantages, several researchers apply the UAV to roadway construction, especially for surveying earthwork projects (Siebert and Teizer 2014). The current accuracy of the UAV photogrammetry, however, does not completely meet the particular requirements in road construction such as the grading tolerance which is less than 0.05 feet. This study, therefore, reviews the current state of the three-dimensional grade control in road construction and presents a best practice for applying the UAV for the construction by providing a way to develop the accuracy of the UAV photogrammetry. Moreover, this study verifies the improved accuracy through the field test at an ongoing highway construction site in Georgia, the United States. Literature Review This study has reviewed current studies on the 1) grade control methods in road construction using dense point clouds, 2) applications of UAV for highway construction, and 3) accuracy of UAV photogrammetry. Current study on the grade control in roadway construction As mentioned above, the contractors today perform the grade control in a conventional manner using grade stakes and cross sections because those methods dont require a specialty. However, such methods are conducted sparsely at regular but widely spaced intervals, which can give rise to substantial errors when the contractors build a successive three-dimensional as-built model. To avoid this, many researchers have studied on the way to create a 3D as-built model without intervals as below. 3D grade control using GPS installed on the construction equipment The real-time kinematic (RTK) GPS technology provides a location information for a dynamic motion in real time. The advent of the RTK-GPS technology enables the users to control the machines blade systemically and to build 3D as-built model automatically (Stewart, 2006). For this reason, many global GPS manufacturers, such as Topcon, Trimble, and Leica, present automatic 3D grade control technologies as seen in Figure 2. According to a final report on Implementation of GPS Controlled Highway Construction Equipment in the University of Wisconsin, the use of the GPS to guide construction equipment is time-efficient and cuts costs (Vonderohe 2007). Figure 2: GPS controlled roadway construction equipment Accordingly, many Department of Transportation (DOT) have increased the implementation of the automated machine guidance with GPS (Townes 2013). However, the vertical error of RTK-GPS is typically over 1.5 inches, and sometimes a sudden elevation shift caused by a cycle slip or multipath, which can lead to a significant discrepancy between as-design model and as-built model. Therefore, its impossible to fully adopt the GPS to grade control in roadway construction unless there is an enhancement of the accuracy. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) for the highway construction process monitoring The TLS, which measures the location of thousands of points each epoch at ranges of hundreds of meters, is another method to collect high dense point data. The TLS generates more accurate 3D layouts than conventional survey methods (Slattery and Slattery 2013). D. Slattery et al. (2010) demonstrate that the TLS is a feasible means to control the grade in highway construction projects and to calculate earthwork quantities (Slattery and Slattery 2010). Despite the fact that the TLS guarantees accurate point clouds, this new technology faces several operational challenges. One of the primary challenges is that it takes extremely long time to acquire the dense points. In general, the measurement using TLS takes one hour to measure the area of 20,000 square feet. Furthermore, as the scanner is installed on the ground, TLS method forms shadow zones where cannot scan due to obstacles such as trees and hills. In particular, since the roadway construction site is quite long, such drawbacks co uld be fatal. In this regard, the UAV, which is a less time-consuming way of measuring fields, could be an effective alternative. Application of UAV for roadway construction The UAV referred to as a drone, has recently begun to be applied to the construction field with the improvement of the positioning technologies and high-performance digital camera (Turner et al. 2012). With the development of the high-performance UAV, many researchers have successfully applied the UAV for the 3D modeling of the construction site and the measurement of earthwork quantities. S. Siebert and J. Teizer (2014) presents a practice for the application of UAV to construction survey for earthmoving of the construction site. They assert that the UAV technology is a cost- and time-effective alternatives to ground-based survey applications (Siebert and Teizer 2014). Furthermore, M. Daakir et al. (2015) describe that the UAV equipped with GPS receiver can achieve a consistent 3D model with a relatively low cost (Daakir et al. 2015). The studies on the application of the UAV has been limited to the particular construction fields such as earthmoving project and field survey for plan ning the road construction because the accuracy of the photogrammetry using UAV is over two inches which exceed the tolerance for the vertical grade. Thus, the improvement of the accuracy of UAV photogrammetry is required prior to applying the UAV technology to the grade control in roadway construction. Figure 3: The developed UAV systems, S. Siebert and J. Teizer (left), M. Daakir et al. (right) Accuracy of UAV photogrammetry Several researchers have examined innovative ways of improving the accuracy of the UAV photogrammetry. The accuracy of the UAV photogrammetry directly depends on the ground sampling distance (GSD), which is determined by the focal length, flight altitude, and resolution of the camera. In general, higher GSD value indicates that the image would have a lower spatial resolution. Therefore, the altitude of the flight should be performed around 150 m above ground level to obtain images at the GSD of up to 10 cm. (RuzgienÄ- et al. 2015). In addition, the use of geo-referencing methods aligning UAV imagery with known points measured in advance also can improve the accuracy of the photogrammetry. J. Goncalves and R. Henriques (2015) assert that the vertical root mean square (RMS) errors of UAV photogrammetry can be decreased to 5cm by using ground control points (GCPs) as the geo-referencing (Gonà §alves and Henriques 2015). However, a minimum of three GCPs are required for the geo-refe rencing, and generally, more than nine GCPs should be appeared on the imagery to retain redundancy for least squares regression. Moreover, the method that aligns the imagery known as Image registration causes a systematic error which is a cumulative error. In particular, since the road construction site requires extremely long longitudinal measurement, the registration error is theoretically increased in direct proportion to the length of the construction site (Zheng et al. 2016). This study, therefore, proposed a method to correct the systemic error by originating the position of the flying UAV with dual-frequency RTK-GPS and resection method. Figure 4: The GCPs that J. Goncalves and R. Henriques (2015) used Methodology This chapter enumerates the methodology for applying the UAV photogrammetry to the grade control in road construction as follows. Type of UAVs Ground Sampling Distance (GSD) Ground Control Points (GCPs) Positioning of the UAV using space resection method 3D model generation Verification Types of UAV The type of UAVs is classified into three categories: fixed wing type, rotary wing type, and hybrid wing type integrated the fixed wing and rotary type. Fixed wing UAVs have characteristics that they have a simple mechanism and more efficient aerodynamics which allows the fixed wing UAV to fly longer duration at higher speeds than the rotary wing. On the contrary, the rotary wing UAVs have a relatively more complicated structure which may infer that they have lower speed and shorter flight range than fixed wing. The advantages of the rotary wing are that they can conduct vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) and hovering. The fixed/rotary hybrid UAV has both characteristics of the fixed wing type and rotary wing type. The hybrid UAVs can perform VTOL and hovering and fly with little power like the fixed wing UAV. Table 1 shows the differences between the fixed wing and rotary drones. Since the roadway construction site is quite long and doesnt have vertical obstacles, the fixed wing ty pe of UAV is most appropriate for the surveying the road construction area. Most UAV for the land survey is equipped with single frequency GPS receiver for positioning of the flying vehicle. In general, the vertical accuracy of the single frequency GPS is compromised. For this reason, this study suggests mounting a dual frequency GPS on the UAV to improve their positioning accuracy. The vertical accuracy of the dual frequency RTK-GPS is known to be lower than 2cm in general circumstances. This study might use virtual reference station (VRS), which facilitate the RTK/GPS based on National Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS). Table 1 The differences between fixed wing type and rotary type Fixed wing Rotary wing Purpose Mapping Small area Mapping Inspection Application Land surveying (rural) GIS Construction Inspection Real estate Surveying (urban) Flight Speed High Low Coverage Large Small Flight Duration Times Long Short Wind Resistance High Low VTOL X O Hovering X O Ground Sampling Distance (GSD) As mentioned above, GSD value is related to the flight level, focal length, and resolution of the camera. Since the GSD value directly affects the results of the photogrammetry, it is important to determine the flight altitude. For a given flying height H, the GSD will be given by Where f is the lens focal length, and H is the flight altitude. Typically, in the case of the GSD of 5 cm, the standard deviation of 1 pixel in the parallax may result in a standard deviation of approximately 5 ~ 10 cm in the elevation error. The flight altitude also affects the overlapping rate which is related to the accuracy of the photogrammetry. That is to say, for a given focal length and resolution of the camera, increasing the altitude will increase overlap rate and GSD. Since it is possible to fly the UAV at low altitude in roadway construction site where is a barrier-free area, this study limits the flight height to 100 m or less to maintain the GSD of under 5cm. Although flying at low altitude can cause little overlap rate, the matter of overlapping can be solved by taking more pictures. Ground Control Points (GCPs) In the photogrammetry for field surveying, establishing a network of the ground control points The GCPs installed on the field is employed for the geo-referencing. Although the bundle image adjustment needs to have at least three GCPs, it is necessary to have 9 or more GCPs for providing enough redundancies for the least square adjustment. The GCP photogrammetric targets should be visible in the pictures and have about 5 ~ 10 times the dimensions of the GSD. Since the accuracy of the GCPs is crucial for the accuracy of the final results, the position of the GCPs should be measured precisely by total station or post-processing GPS. M.Chahbazi et al. (2015) state that although a large number of well-distributed GCPs as seen in Figure 5 (left) guarantees the highest accuracy, if it is impossible due to the field conditions, the best practice is to install the GCPs near the ends of the flight strips to be visible in several images from two closest strips. Furthermore, placing the GCPs with height variation is beneficial for the vertical adjustment of the UAV imagery. Figure 5: The methods to set up the GCPs in the article of M.Chahbazi et al. (2015) (left) when there are enough GCPs, and (right) if not. According to the construction survey manual of U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT), contractors or sub-contractors should establish control points (CPs), which are semi-permanent reference points built beside the construction site at intervals of 500 feet, to align the horizontal distribution and vertical elevation. Since these CPs are measured from the second-order benchmark, which has a ratio of closure of 1:10000, it is possible to construct accurate GCPs. Positioning of the UAV using space resection method The position of flying UAV has been determined from the GPS embedded on the UAV until now. However, the accuracy of the GPS depends on the satellite signal which sometimes includes serious errors such as cycle slip or multipath caused by the environmental conditions. Moreover, time synchronization between the GPS and images from the Camera can also cause several errors. In this regard, this study proposes a new positioning method that improves the accuracy of the photogrammetric results by applying space resection method. The resection method is to determine an unknown point from two known points. This measurement method is usually used when measuring the location of the device such as total station or theodolite. Figure 7: The concept of the space resection for UAV photogrammetry (Ref. https://dronemapper.com/uas_photo-grammetry_processing) The space resection requires at least two known ground control points per an image, but this study used five ground control points for the least square adjustment. The accuracy of the space resection only depends on the range error of the camera, which is much more accurate than RTK-GPS, and therefore this study expects an improvement in the positioning accuracy of the operating UAV As-built 3D model generation The stereo images extracted from UAV photogrammetry go through the image matching process. The image matching process is usually classified into correlation based method and feature-based method. The correlation based method has various computational processes because they conduct the image matching with all area and pixels. In contrast, since the feature based method adjusts images with edges or corners in the pictures, the processing is faster than the correlation based method. Scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) is one of the most widely used features detecting method. The SIFT algorithm extracts key points from overlapped area, and align the images by using descriptors which are created from the extracted key points. The 3D structure is built by structure from motion (SfM) algorithm, which is a method to generate 3D structure by calculating the pose of the camera from 2D images. Most commercial software today has used the feature-based image matching and SfM algorithm to cre ate a 3D model. One of the commercial software is Agisoft PhotoScan which conduct image matching with the feature-based method. This study generates the as-built model of the roadway construction site based on the DSM generated from the Agisoft PhotoScan. The final as-built 3D model would be compared to the as-design model. An essential issue in this step is to synchronize the coordinates system used in both as-design model and as-built model. For this reason, it is essential that both models should be on the geographic information system (GIS) based on a global coordinate system. Verification Table 2 The whole process of this study Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step5 Objectives Planning UAV operation Establishing GCPs Obtaining images from UAV Generating 3D model Verification Details GSD Flight Altitude Overlapping rate The number Location Resection QC of images SIFT, SfM DSM Field Test Error Assessment

Final Week 9 Cultural Diversity

FINAL Cultural Diversity Week 9 Final Currently I live in a community of approximately 21,785 people according to the 2010 US Census. Herriman, which is about 20 miles southwest of Salt Lake City has grown by leaps and bounds over the last twelve years. Herriman was founded as a farming community in 1849 and was incorporated in 1999. Herriman still feels like a small town, an idea which is held onto by its community leaders and population. I noticed while in researching the varying statistics for my city that I look like about 90% of the population.At 38, I am a little bit older than the average age of 27, but I am Caucasian, as are the majority of the residents. I noted with interest, during our last mayoral race, the current mayor spent the time to go out and knock on doors introducing himself to everyone. He made a significant impact on me as he stood and visited with my family and seemed to have the same values and ideals that I do. I cannot say that I have noticed a large differ ence in how minorities are treated by members of my community.In fact, in my local neighborhood we have a few families of varying ethnicities which have been welcomed and encouraged to teach about their homelands. It has been fascinating to watch and learn about the cultures from which they came and even to try some of the more traditional foods. The text and manuals that we have covered throughout class have covered the varying people that I am like. Caucasians have been notable throughout history and their information is fairly well published.I also noted that coming from an Irish background through several lines, the Irish were well represented. I did note a lack of other European descendants being listed through the text; I have a very strong relation to the Danish culture and did not find any information in regards to that culture in our texts at all. The local media looks much like the state, which is to say white, with a few people of color thrown in. It shouldn’t be m ade light of; it just feels that after everything has been so serious in discussion that lightening up the conversation cannot hurt.I have noticed as I have gotten older that we have gained a larger population of various minorities and they have begun to change the way that we see things as well as the way that we are being represented. I feel that this is a great step forward. I have noticed the biggest difference between me and most of the people in local leadership is that they are male while I am female. There is a definite lack of female leadership in our government here. Within the last ten years female leadership has increased, yet still has not changed dramatically.I have noticed that more women are running for various offices throughout the state and feel confident that this will change the local governments as well. As our minority population has grown, there have also been changes in the state government in regards to representation becoming more diverse. I feel this help s represent their interests in the community, and again feel that as people move and spread out in the local communities this will affect the local governments as well.While I do not feel that I can do a lot to change various inequities, I feel that by volunteering my time to the youth in my area I will help set them up into be more able to make changes in the future. It appears that in speaking with friends they note the same various situations that I have mentioned. Yet, because I live in a neighborhood where the majority of people are married and the wives are homemakers, I do bring a different perspective into conversations.Speaking with a local neighbor and friend, who was a former elementary school teacher, she noted that she feels that our culture is fairly self-contained due to our religious affiliations and yet she is one of the most outgoing individuals that I have met. She indicated that there is a trend to assume that people are just like you and not take the time to get to know anyone else. I have noted her on long walks through the neighborhood stopping to talk to anyone that happened to be outside and visit.Something that we both agreed on was the way that the community is very friendly and welcoming to people. It really starts with the neighborhood and then extends out into our city. A prime example of this was the â€Å"UP† house that a local builder wanted to build. He wanted to build a home that was a replica of the home in Disney’s â€Å"UP†. After contacting Disney and going through varying channels, Disney agreed to the home as long as they were allowed certain stipulations, he went looking for a community to build the home.He had contacted several cities, and Herriman agreed to allow him to build the home. The neighborhood had a HOA which agreed, despite it being colors not normally permitted, and a style different from the area, they would permit him to build and allow it into the HOA coding. However, the builderâ⠂¬â„¢s stipulation was that, when sold, the new homeowners had to agree to keep the colors. The home was built and each and every detail was matched to the specifications of the Disney standard, they went so far as to design the interior with the same furniture, which had to be created to replicate it.Herriman and the community welcomed this builder in during the annual â€Å"Parade of Homes† in order to make them feel more comfortable. Finally, the home was sold to a couple that wanted to move back to Utah after several years in California and the home remains the pastel coloring of the Disney design. Herriman leaders felt that having the home built in Herriman was an economic boost they were unable to turn down, and afterwards gave an honor to Bangerter Homes in recognition of such. This type of innovative government thinking is definitely in line with how any community I live in should function.I want my community leaders to always be looking at the next best source to bri ng economic development closer to home. Not only does this benefit the city, but it benefits me because the city has more to offer. Growing up, I lived in a more diverse area of the Salt Lake Valley and was exposed to varying cultures and ethnicities which helped me gain a firm understanding of treating people with respect, and with dealing with varying races. However, the governments there were more old fashioned and less adaptable to today’s changing environment’s.I feel as if this community was actually less welcoming than the one that I am currently in because of this. The prior community may have had a more diverse community, but welcoming new and local businesses was not something that the government chose to promote. Living in Herriman, I have noticed that many of the government officials as well as other leaders are active in getting out and being a part of the community and ensuring that we are aware as citizens of anything that might affect us; from the openi ng of a new restaurant, to a fire that is burning out of control.Herriman city officials have a local Facebook account and Twitter feeds that are used to help notify their citizens on a regular basis of varying volunteer activities, emergencies, CPR training classes and more. It is another way that the community in which I live is actively trying to encourage its citizens to be part of it; this reflects my views on how a community should interact. I believe that in being part of a community, you want to be involved; you want to support local business and taking advantage of times that you can volunteer to help. For instance, going out to reseed a mountain after a grass fire helps build community relations.I enjoy living where I do and feel that I have found a mostly perfect fit for my family. People take care of their yards, their homes, they are active and want to do things to improve not only themselves, but the community in which we live. All of these are ideals that coincide wit h how I feel a community should be. References: http://www. city-data. com/city/Herriman-Utah. html#top www. herrimancity. org http://www. sltrib. com/sltrib/news/53012557-78/hamblin-lynette-disney-herriman. html. csp http://www. facebook. com/HerrimanCity http://twitter. com/BeReadyHerriman

Essay on Shakespeares Macbeth as a Tragic Hero - 1087 Words

Macbeth as a Tragic Hero According to the Greek philosopher Aristotle, The best tragic plot moves the hero from prosperity to misfortune, occasioned not by depravity, but by some great mistake he makes. The plot of Macbeth follows these basic guidelines; throughout the play we follow the path of the main character as his life is torn apart as a result of the colossal mistake he makes when he kills Duncan. It is for this and the many ensuing reasons that we can say that Macbeth accurately portrays the image of a tragic hero as outlined by Aristotle. Aristotles first guideline for an effective tragic hero is someone that is basically good. While Macbeth does not exactly make sound moral decisions, toward the beginning of†¦show more content†¦Worthy Gentleman! The way they are speaking portrays him as a normal soldier who helped win the war, not with the help of godly powers, but with simple bravery. He is an average gentleman who wins the affection of his king by his bravery, and because of this simplicity he reflects the normality of a real person. Further on in the play he opens up more when he says, I have almost forgot the taste of fears... At this point in the play the audience has almost lost sight of Macbeth as a real person, his cold-blooded murders disgust us so much that that he becomes something too bile to possibly be human. We believe that no human could possibly act with the harsh brutality that Macbeth acts with, and so becomes in imagination, some evil external force that can no longer be rela ted to as a human individual. However, when Macbeth says these words, he is opening himself up to the fact that he is still human. The audience realizes that since he can still feel fear, which is a human emotion, he must still be human. For a brief moment the audience connects with Macbeth, and there is a sense of pity for the tragic hero because both parties realize that the end is near in sight. For a brief second we forget about his murderous deeds, and based on the beliefShow MoreRelatedEssay on Shakespeares Macbeth is a Tragic Hero956 Words   |  4 PagesMacbeth is a Tragic Hero  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   Shakespeares tragic hero is a man of noble birth who falls from a position of honor and respect due to a flaw in his character. He freely chooses a course of action which ultimately causes him suffering and brings him to a fatal end.(Campbell 129) Macbeth is the epitome of a tragic hero who rises high then falls rock bottom to his death. 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Animal Testing Essay - 916 Words

Animal Testing nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Using Animals for testing is wrong and should be banned. They should be entitled to the rights we have. Every day humans are using defenseless animals for cruel and most often useless tests. The animals cannot fight for themselves therefore we must. There should be stronger laws to protect them from laboratory experiments. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Although private companies run most labs, experiments are often conducted by public organizations. The U.S. government, the Army and Air Force in particular, has designed and conducted many animal experiments. The experiments were engineered so that many animals would suffer and die without any certainty that this suffering and death would†¦show more content†¦Also, at the University of Rochester School of Medicine a group of experimenters put fifty beagles in wooden boxes and tested them with different levels of radiation by x-rays. Twenty-one of the dogs died within the first two weeks. The irritated dogs suffered vomiting, diarrhea, and lost their appetites. Later, they hemorrhaged from the mouth, nose, and eyes. In the experimenter’s report, they compared the experiment to others of the same nature, each using about seven hundred dogs. The experimenters said that the injuries produced in their experiments were â€Å"typical of those descr ibed for the dog†. Another inexcusable experiment was conducted by the Food and Drug Administration. They gave thirty beagles and thirty pigs a pesticide in their food, seven days a week for six months, â€Å"in order to insure tissue damage†. Within eight weeks, eleven dogs showed signs of â€Å"abnormal behavior† including nervousness, salivation, muscle spasms, and convulsions. After experimenting with additional twenty beagles, the experiments concluded that massive daily doses of pesticide produce different effects in dogs than they do in pigs. These three experiments, according to reports, obviously caused the animal to suffer greatly before dying. No steps were taken to prevent this suffering, even when it was clear that the radiation or poison made the animals extremely sick. Also,Show MoreRelatedAnimal Testing678 Words   |  3 Pages Animal testing is a controversial topic in today’s society, much more than it was 100’s of years ago. Testing on animals was practiced long ago, and is still practiced today. Greek writings about vivisection [the dissection of a live organism] can be found dated as early as 500 BC. At that time, in Ancient Rome and Alexandria, and later in Greece, vivisection was originally practiced on human criminals, but prohibitions on the mutilation of the human body soon arose. This caused a reliance on animalsRead MoreTesting On Animals : The Dangers Of Animal Testing1375 Words   |  6 Pagesnumber of animals that undergo constant suffering in the name of human vanity. Animal testing was originally introduced in the early 20th century and is still prominent today. It is morally unacceptable to experiment on animals for human purposes. The procedures used in animal testing are cruel and inhumane, nor are they the most reliable source of data; resulting in many mishaps. Moreover , with the perpetual advancements in technology, there are several alternative methods making animal testing unnecessaryRead MoreHuman Testing : The Benefits Of Animal Testing802 Words   |  4 PagesAnimal testing has helped us for years discover cures for sickness in humans and sometimes even animals. But as long as they test the animals humanely, animals can be tortured with pain from the testing. However many efforts are being made to reduce the testing to a minimum. Scientists know that without the tests they wouldn’t know how to check the safety of new drugs. If there was no animal testing scientists would have probably resulted into something very unacceptable, human testing. And scientistsRead MoreThe Cruelty of Animal Testing1644 Words   |  7 PagesAnimal testing is a completely unnecessary act of cruelty and should not be allowed for various reasons. It is superfluous for innocent animals to undergo chemical testing of any sort, not only do they suffer, but there are other more humane alternatives to test products. Many people who are in favor of animal testing do not know of these safer more humane alternatives. Many methods have been developed to help stop animal testing, and improve the health system of all human beings. A significantRead MoreThe Importance Of Animal Testing1240 Words   |  5 Pages Animal testing has long played a part in the science of testing, and it still plays a very important role in the medical world. Testing on animals in order to create a cure for AIDS is one thing, but testing on animals for human vanity is another. Animal testing is used to test the safety of a product. It has kept some very unsafe substances out of the cosmetic world. However, in this day in age, animal testing is not the only way to test the safety of a product. Animal testing in cosmetics hasRead MoreEssay on Animal Testing1383 Words   |  6 Pagesand Behavior Animal testing is not a problem in today’s society because it is beneficial to humans. It seems unethical to put animals through such pain and torture, but if we stopped it completely there would be a large amount of human lives lost. How could this be? The further advancements in medical and technological science is inevitable. Therefore, if the testing must be done to learn more about the brain and body, which spe cies (animals or man) seems expendable for such testing. The real questionRead MoreThe Negatives of Animal Testing1027 Words   |  5 Pageshave been tested on animals; from lipstick and shampoo to dish soap and foot powder. Even the white ink on an MM has been tested on animals. To some, this statement may be alarming and even disturbing – to others it may not mean much at all. Either way, the debate over animal testing has gained much popularity in recent decades. Animal testing has been done since at least 500 BC; even Aristotle experimented on animals for scientific reasoning. Around 200 AD, dissecting animals in public was actuallyRead More Animal Testing Essay710 Words   |  3 Pagesanimal testing â€Å"Beauty without cruelty† is the outcry that can be heard from animal right activists around the world. The FDA does not require companies to perform tests on animals but if the cosmetic product contains chemicals that can be seen as toxins, testing becomes a necessity. There are currently thirteen safety tests that are performed on animals. Anti-testing activists deem these unnecessary and consider them to be cruel. â€Å"Fourteen million animals are used currently in the U.SRead MoreThe Rights Of Animal Testing2041 Words   |  9 Pagesrights of all animals with further argument or debates, do humans have the right to use animals on medical testing and lab use? There are several issues that can be placed in this argument this research will acknowledge four important topics in the rights of animal testing. Is it right to use animals for testing? Is it right to compare animal DNA to human DNA in these animal experiments? Is it right to use real animals instead of computers to generate results? Is it right to state animals are beingRead MoreThe Efficiency Of Animal Testing1394 Words   |  6 PagesEfficiency of Animal Testing For many years, the primary way to make advances in biomedical science was through experimentation on animals, also known as vivisection. This method involves using different species of animals in experiments and developmental procedures to determine toxicity, dosing, and effectiveness of test drugs before proceeding to human clinical trials. However; the use of animals in testing laboratories is becoming less common due to improved alternative options. Animal experimentation