American Revolution Lesson Integrating Multiple Sources to Answer a Question

American Revolution Lesson Integrating Multiple Sources to Answer a Question (0) This is the first in a series of lessons that teach research and writing skills around the topic of the American Revolution. Overview In this lesson, you will learn how to evaluate multiple sources in diverse formats and put them together to answer a question. Multiple Sources During research, you will encounter many different types of sources. These can include primary and secondary sources of many different types. Editorial cartoons, newspaper articles, legislative documents, speeches, videos, and secondary texts are just a few examples. Each type of source has its own strengths and weaknesses. Primary and Secondary Sources Primary sources were produced at the time of the event you are researching. These can include diary entries, newspaper articles, speeches, television footage, even Facebook posts and live Tweets. Secondary sources are created “after the fact.” These secondary sources can present a summary of what occurred and can include multiple points of view. Secondary sources include textbooks, academic journal articles, memorial websites, and documentary films. Print and Digital Sources As you know, the type of source itself can vary depending on the era of creation. Today you may search for digital versions of your sources. Fifty years ago, almost all sources were printed. While digital sources make historical research easy, they also have strengths and weaknesses just like print sources. Source Strengths and Weaknesses Any source you encounter will have strengths and weaknesses; this will affect if and how you will use it in your research and writing. Sources can be assessed on the basis of task, purpose, and audience. As a reminder: Task is the reason why you are looking for sources. You should choose sources relevant to your task. Purpose is the reason why that source was createdto inform, to persuade, or to entertain. Audience is the individual or group for whom the source was written. How a source communicates will vary with its intended audience and purpose. Editorial Cartoons Listen to the sound clip below:? Editorial cartoons: Visual representations of opinion Persuasive Audience = readers at the time of publication Good for understanding contemporary opinions Need more context and additional sources to be  balanced Newspaper Articles Listen to the sound clip below: Narrative accounts of events Informative Audience = readers at the time of publication Good source for contemporary information and opinions Petitions Listen to the sound clip below: Formal documents that make a case or state a position Informative or persuasive Written for recipients of the petition Useful to see contemporary opinion Requires context to understand the petition Speeches Listen to the sound clip below: Spoken texts Persuasive Audience = listeners and attendees of the speech Useful to see contemporary opinion Context needed to understand, as well as additional research to understand references made? Sources About Economics and the American Revolution In order to answer the question,  How did economics contribute to the start of the American Revolution?,  you will need to examine an array of sources, then integrate the information the sources provide to come up with a complete answer. Below, you will look at the Tea Act, itself, a set of resolutions, and a newspaper article about the Tea Act of 1773. In each case, you will need to consider not only what the document says, but also the purpose and audience of the source. How can these sources help you address your task? The Tea Act The British Parliament issued the Tea Act in 1773. Click he?re to view the first two paragraphs of the Tea Act. The document is complex, so try to skim for a general understanding. As you read, consider not only what the document says, but also the purpose and audience of the source. How would this source help you address your task? The audio clip provides further analysis.  Listen to the sound clip below: Philadelphia Resolution Click h?ere to view the “Philadelphia Resolutions,” a set of proclamations published in the Pennsylvania Gazette on October 16, 1773 in response to the Tea Act. As you read, consider not only what the document says, but also the purpose and audience of the source. How would this source help you address your task? Listen to the sound clip below to hear an analysis of the source.  ? Newspaper Article The most famous response to the Tea Act is the Boston Tea Party of December 16, 1773. Click he?re to view an account of that protest just after it occurred. Consider not only what the document says, but also the purpose and audience of the source. How would this source help you address your task? Listen to the sound clip below to hear an analysis of the source. Putting the Sources Together The sources that you have seen â€" the law, the  set of resolutions, and the newspap?er accountâ€" can help you answer the question, How was the economy a contributor to the beginning of the American Revolution? You can put these sources together to show how British actions regarding the Tea Act, an economic policy, led to a colonial response. Resolutions, boycotts, and extra-legal action like dumping the tea were all responses to the economic policy that laid the groundwork for the American Revolution. Conclusion In this lesson you evaluated multiple sources from different formats, looking at the strengths and weaknesses of each source in terms of task,  purpose and audience. You combined these sources to answer a historical question about the influence of economics on the causes and course of the American Revolution. Help  your students cite in  MLA format, APA format,   Chicago style  with our guides and citation tools!

The Article Don t Indulge - 945 Words

When are we complete? When are we content? When are we satisfied? When are we completely content that we are satisfied with our happiness? The question never arose until someone mentions it to you. What will make you happiest? I agree with the article â€Å"Don’t Indulge. Be Happy.† by Dunn and Norton who state that what we do with our money plays more of an important role to our happiness than how much money we make. Throughout the article it made me realize things I never really payed any attention to, like the fact that money can’t buy happiness. No matter how much money we make, no matter how rich or poor we are the money we hold in our hand, make at our jobs or keep in our accounts will not give us the happiness we want. Yes money can buy us things we want but at the end of the day we’ll always want more. The things we can’t buy with money can make us most happy like love, family and friends. We’re all rich, you just have to count the th ings money can’t buy. We live in a jungle, maybe not the type of jungle you’re thinking of with trees and grass, but we live in a jungle filled with concrete roads, tall buildings and wild people. Everyone is in search for love, you may be able to buy it but it won’t be real love. Over the years I’ve watched TV shows and just regular people fall in and out of love and not once did I see someone happy with someone with a lot of money, that’s definitely not love, you can’t buy it. Everyones heart belongs to someoneShow MoreRelated7 Ways Of Avoid Holiday Weight Gain1026 Words   |  5 Pages7 Ways to Avoid Holiday Weight Gain By Tim Gritzman | Submitted On June 02, 2010 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest This makes sense: October through January is the murderer s row of the calendar year whenRead MoreHow To Break A Bad Habit946 Words   |  4 PagesUnderstanding your habit B. Focus on your needs C. Discover alternative methods V. BUILDING YOURSELF A NO ZONE A. Pick a person as an anchor B. Build a No zone C. Have less desire to indulge VI. REPLACE THE BAD WITH THE GOOD A. Stop negative thoughts B. Focus on positive alternatives C. Praise yourself VII. 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Also, For most of the book, nobody knew how he got his wealth and people didn t care. Until later we find out that he got his money from Gatsby got his wealth from illegal things so he could afford all of the cars, parties, clothes, boats. But mostly on the parties. This shows us that Gatsby s involvement with bootlegging as wellRead MoreQuestions On Writing A Sharp Memory Essay967 Words   |  4 PagesDevelop A Sharp Memory By Raman Kuppuswamy | Submitted On September 10, 2015 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook 1 Share this article on Twitter 1 Share this article on Google+ 1 Share this article on Linkedin 1 Share this article on StumbleUpon 1 Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg 1 Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Expert Author Raman Kuppuswamy If you want to succeed in life, you must have aRead MoreSample Resume : The Garden Cafe1656 Words   |  7 Pagesis my favorite place to eat in York, South Carolina. The atmosphere is so delightful. The service and attention to detail is impeccable. Whether you re looking for a place for lunch with the girls, a romantic dinner or a wedding reception, you won t be disappointed. Teresa James, the owner, has an eye for detail and her experience in the art of hospitality shows from the moment you enter the door. The restaurant has seating for 130 patrons. The ambience reeks of southern charm. The lunch hoursRead MoreRay Bradbury s Fahrenheit 4511592 Words   |  7 Pagesit [been]since you were really bothered? [Bothered ]about something important, about something real?†(pg) Ray Bradbury s book Fahrenheit 451 although written in 1953, was ahead of its time predicting technological marvels and our potential to indulge and be addicted to electronic media. The novel presents a twilight zone of what society could be like if books and the written word were no longer desired and the main purpose of life becomes the hunt for personal happiness. So, has our society

Definitions of Tasc Essay Topics

Definitions of Tasc Essay Topics Argument essay writing is a troublesome and overwhelming procedure that may take a couple days. You need to set up facts, possess the confidence and demonstrate the obvious evidence of your private viewpoint to certain phenomenon. Your specific ideas and opinions in the paper has to be supported with arguments. You have to come across decent evidence to back up your ideas and examples to illustrate the evidence. The Meaning of Tasc Essay Topics For example, let's say if you're writing about language history essay than you might have to to incorporate all of the information concerning the history language on the planet irrespective of any specific region while in specific language history essay, you would speak about history of the language of a specific region. Besides general knowledge you have concerning the subject, you won't mind dedicating some opportunity to research, writing procedure, and other aspects essential for the high-quality e ssay. If you're struggling, you always have the option to get help by utilizing an essay writing service such as ours. One particular important and appropriate subject is technology. Getting the Best Tasc Essay Topics You devote a good deal of education on writing argumentative essays. Following are a few of the suggested sociology essay topic for those students that are unable to choose a great topic for their assignment. If you're in a college and wish to compose an argumentative essay, you should select a subject of high importance. Consequently, students may develop different thesis for unique themes to compose essays on hamlet. Should you need professional help with argumentative essay topics, don't hesitate to speak to us. You don't need to acquire super technical with legal argumentative essays, but don't forget to do your homework on what the recent laws about your favorite topic actually say. 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Ethan Frome Tragic figure that function Free Essays

Ethan Frome: Tragic figure that functions as an instrument of the suffering of others ay cache1897 unit Four: Ethan Frome In the novella Ethan Frome by Edith Wharton, main character Ethan Frome is a man that faces many disappointments as well no self-assurance. Ethan Frome is definitely a tragic flgure that functions as an Instrument of the suffering of others In the novel. Ethan Frome overall is a very tragic tale of misery and suffering, and any of the main characters involved can be connected to that suffering. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethan Frome: Tragic figure that function or any similar topic only for you Order Now Wharton makes Ethan not only the victim, but the function of all the other characters suffering to ruly get In depth with the flaws that Ethan possesses. Zeena, Ethan FromeS wife experiences much suffering due to Ethan. Ethan spent his whole life never being able to stand up for himself. He chose to marry Zeena for the sole reason that she would end his loneliness. It could have also been the fact that he felt bad that she dedicated her life to taking care of Ethan’s mom. Next, Ethan decided to give Zeena a loveless relationship. Never in the text does Ethan show any sort of emotion toward his wife, nor does she show any towards him. Ethan is omewhat awful towards the one in which he personally chose to be his wife. He chooses to go to â€Å"work† rather than drive her to the doctor, he decides to pursue another woman who Is his wife’s cousin, and lastly, he chooses to kill himself for the sake of his own independence and his â€Å"love† for Mattie. Zeena however, can be aggravating at times which causes Ethan to act certain ways. Zeena tragically has â€Å"hypochondria† which brings out the cold, unhappy, domineering woman who whines and complains incessantly. Ethan lets Zeena dominate him which shows his flaw of eing subordinate. These mistakes eventually lead to his fall. It Is clearly seen that Zeena uses Illness to get Ethan’s attention and love he hasnt been giving. Zeena makes it hard for Ethan to show how he feels about Mattie in his heart, because when she comes around, Ethan Is blindsided by her thoughts in his head. â€Å"†¦ but there was only one thought in my mind: the fact that, for the first time since Mattie had come to live with them, Zeena was to be away for the night. He wondered if the girl were thinking of it too†¦ † (40). Another main character is Mattie Silver, who is he desired women Ethan wants to be with rather than his wife. From early descriptions of Mattie, she appears to be the silvery maiden whose arrival Into Ethan Frome’s desperate life provides love and hope. Wharton describes Mattie as being a lively and happy young woman, before her suicide attempt that leaves her an invalid and a former shadow of herself. Her name, Mattie Silver, symbolizes the glistening and beauty of a piece of sterling silver. Wharton also states â€Å"The pure air, and the long summer hours In the open, gave life and elasticity to Mattie† (Wharton 60). Thls quote give Mattie the image of someone with great beauty and personality. Ethan has strong feelings for Mattie and it turns out that the maiden has mutual feelings. Because she has feelings for him, and the sweetness of spirit to interest him in return, the resulting tragedies occur. She develops a catastrophic attitude. She had the mindset that if she couldnt be with Ethan, and be happy, then she doesn’t want 1 OF2 sne tnen encourages Etnan to take tne slea down ana commit sulc10e wltn her. Her spontaneous and drastic emotions that are tied up with Ethan lead to much uffering. The fact that Ethan quickly agrees to commit suicide shows that he isn’t really self-reliant and doesn’t think for himself. Wharton shows a flaw that Ethan possesses which in turns cause much suffering for him and Mattie. Ethan Frome is definitely painted as a tragic figure in his crippled state of misery. His tragic flaw could be that he is too indebted to family, and feels too much obligation to them. This brings him home to care for his parents, and won’t allow him to leave his wife to seek happiness. It’s a good trait, loyalty, but in this case it eeps him shackled in a miserable situation, that, because he won’t resolve it in a different way, leads to his tragic and spontaneous decision on the day he decides to go sledding with the women he truly desired. Although Ethan may have suffered, his suffering impacted the people around him. Ethan and his wife represent a broken relationship. It is very ironic how the pickle dish Zeena cherishes is broken. The fact that Zeena’s cat breaks the pickle dish is significant. The cat is already symbolically linked with Zeena. How to cite Ethan Frome: Tragic figure that function, Papers

Media Ethics Towards Employing Utilitarianism and Kantian Theory in Examining Practical Ethical Issues

In this era of global interactivity and extreme media scrutiny, real-life situations and instances of behaviour that raise ethical issues and moral dilemmas continue to reverberate across all civilizations in the world. The role of the media in disseminating information to people is legion, but arising ethical issues persist to put this important institution in a collision course with germane issues that must be primarily dealt with for responsible practice (Plaisance, 2009).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Media Ethics: Towards Employing Utilitarianism and Kantian Theory in Examining Practical Ethical Issues specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These ethical issues put into perspective the need to rely on philosophical thought to decide on the proper course of action. It is the purpose of this paper to utilize both utilitarianism and Kantian theory to critically examine some underlying ethical issues relating to the claim below: There’s almost no situation in which I’d stop filming to do something, because I think a film record of a given situation is ultimately more effective, and has greater impact. In the end, it helps more people than if I put down my camera to lend a hand (Bowden, 1987 p. 182) To offer a critical evaluation of the above claim, it is imperative to briefly discuss the two broad classifications of philosophical thought from which utilitarianism and Kantian theory derives from. The first classification – teleological ethics – comprise of theories which are essentially concerned with outcomes or consequences and the capacity to produce the best possible decisions. These theories are glued by the premise that ethically right decisions are those that produce maximum consequences (Albarran, 2010). To date, utilitarianism, with its axiom of the greatest good still offers the best example of teleological ethics. The second classification – deontol ogical ethics – comprise of ethical theories concerned with the philosophical process of arriving at decisions based on established principles (Albarran, 2010). These theories affirm that the rightness or wrongness of an action or behaviour is dependent on that particular action or behaviour and not on the outcomes or consequences it produces. Deontological ethics are best illustrated in the philosophical works of Kant. Utilitarianism, espoused by such philosophers as David Hume, John Stuart Mill, and Jeremy Bentham, among others, states that moral actions are correct to the extent that they tend to enhance the ‘greatest good for the greatest number.’ As one of the best known adaptations of consequentialism, this theory defines what is morally acceptable in terms of the â€Å"maximization of the net expected utility for all parties affected by a decision or action† (Smart Williams, 1998 p. 83).Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? L et's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In other words, human beings ought to behave or act in a manner that occasion the best possible outcomes from their actions (Russo, n.d.). Consequently, acceptable behaviour or actions, according to utilitarianism, should be evaluated by rules and guidelines that, if universally followed would lead to the greatest happiness for the greatest number. Judging by the above description, it appears that the author of the claim in discussion based his arguments on utilitarian theory. Indeed, he argues that a film record of a situation is eventually more effective, has a greater impact, not mentioning the fact that it helps more people. In essence, the film record will enhance the greatest good for the greatest number of viewers the scenario that was being filmed notwithstanding. Such philosophical thought has serious ethical undertones since it therefore means that it actually does not concern us what kind o f behaviour or actions we engage in or what our intentions are when engaging in them, as long as the outcomes of our behaviours or actions are generally positive to the wider audience. According to Russo (n.d.), â€Å"†¦what all utilitarians have in common is that they accept one and only one principle of morality, the principle of utility, which states that in all our actions we must always strive to produce the greatest possible balance of good and evil† (para. 3). This therefore means that when faced with a choice between two divergent courses of action, a utilitarian will always aim to select the one that bears the best overall outcome or consequence for the majority who might be affected in one way or another by the actions. In the claim, it is clearly evident that the author would choose the action that has a greater impact and helps more people – that of continuing to film instead of lending a hand. Again, this has serious ethical undertones assuming that t he situation he is filming demands that people offer assistance such as a plane clash. Many modern institutions, including the media and democratic institutions, are built around the principle of utilitarianism, that is, ‘the end justify the means.’ Indeed, actions are judged based on the outcomes, not on the objectives, intentions or motives (Terrall, 2007). As such, the individual would be justified to continue filming since he is bound to achieve the best possible outcomes from his action – that of assisting more people. To argue along this continuum, however, is counterintuitive since such actions are taken more for profit orientations than for ethical considerations. When evaluated under the lenses of ethical considerations, utilitarianism in contemporary institutions, including the media, justifies the treatment of individuals as a means to an end. There arise serious ethical connotations when individuals are viewed as a means to achieve an outcome that is agreeable to the majority.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Media Ethics: Towards Employing Utilitarianism and Kantian Theory in Examining Practical Ethical Issues specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In equal measure, ethical issues arise if individuals assume that an action or behaviour is acceptable if it generates a greater sum of good than evil for all the individuals who are affected by such an action (Russo, n.d.). This, it appears, is the mentality of the individual who continues to film since filming by itself will have a greater impact and will assist many people than helping the situation. As already mentioned elsewhere, Kantian theory is firmly rooted in deontological ethics. Kant proposed an intricate system that specified the duties endowed upon us as moral agents. According to Plaisance (2009), â€Å"†¦at the core of [Kant’s] system is the claim that our human capacity for reason enables u s to know these duties and that freedom enables us to act on them (p.8). As such, the foundations of Kantian theory are rationality and liberty. For Kant, individuals are bound by obligation to act and behave morally as the only way to perform their duties to others. It is imperative to note that by moral action, Kant insinuated that individuals should test and evaluate their actions by inquiring if they could be universalized, that is, whether it would be morally acceptable if every individual applied the actions as standard of behaviour (Johnson, 2008). It therefore follows that the individual in the filming claim would have first stopped to ponder if it was agreeable for everyone to continue filming the arising situations as opposed to lending a hand. In fact, he would have never at the first place been so sure to say that ‘there’s almost no situation in which I’d stop filming to do something†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ since he was not in a position to know or judge if su ch an action could be universalized to others in similar profession or situation. This demonstrates why Kant was so strict on rationality and liberty. In a hypothetical situation, say a car accident where people are trapped inside the car, a Kantian follower would have reasoned out to first cease filming and lend a hand. If the situation was not that serious, a Kantian follower would have taken the liberty to start filming the situation. Here, the Kantian theory appears more ethically acceptable. Kant formulated the famous ‘categorically imperative’ phrase, implying duty without exception (Plaisance, 2009). This principle demands obedience and core moral obligations that all individuals must meet. Consequently, Kant was of the opinion that individuals are owned respect not because of their professions or individual positions, but for the reason that they are human beings with ability to reason.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Plaisance (2009), â€Å"†¦this universal moral obligation requires that we treat individuals as ends in themselves and never sorely as a means to attain other goals or desires we may have† (p.9). In equal measure, the philosopher was of the opinion that morality was principally about motives. To him, motives are the basis of actions and these, not results or consequences – should be the basis for ethics. Back to the filming claim, it is vehemently clear that the individual use the means (situations) to achieve the ends (having a greater impact and assisting more people). The Kantian theory, however, is clear that the individuals should be perceived and treated as the ends in themselves and never sorely as means. Here, the underlying ethical issue is that utilitarianism, its axiom of achieving the greatest good notwithstanding, is open to abuse in contemporary times. In media institutions, indeed, it is rightfully or wrongfully used and depicted as bei ng in the ‘public interest,’ and in the case of newspapers, it is being used and passed as ‘what the public is interested in.’ Such catchy phrases have serious ethical undertones since what one segment of the public is interested in may not be universalized to the other population, not mentioning the fact that the motive behind an action, say publishing a story, may not necessarily be the reason why a certain outcome is desired (Elder, 2001). All in all, both utilitarianism and Kantian theory have been discussed at length in relation to the claim about filming. Ethical issues have been highlighted on both sides and critical appraisal offered. What is clear is that although the claim about filming is utilitarian in nature, utilitarianism raises more ethical issues than Kantian theory. Both philosophical thoughts, however, have their advocates and critics, and it is premature to discount utilitarianism is a valid theory of ethics. Indeed, according to Terrall (2007), many modern institutions, including the media, heavily rely on utilitarianism. However, as have already been discussed, the theory has serious ethical ramifications when compared to Kantian theory. List of References Albarran, A.B (2010). Management of Electronic Media. Boston, MA: Wadsworth. Elder, R (2001). Difficult Decisions: Ethical Issues for the American Media in Times of National Emergency. Web. Johnson, R (2008). Kant’s Moral Philosophy. In: Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Web. Plaisance, P.L (2009). Media Ethics: Key Principles for Responsible Practice. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc. Russo, M.S (n.d.). Utilitarianism in a nutshell. Web. Smart, J.J.C., Williams, B (1998). Utilitarianism: For and Against. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Terrall, E (2007). The Ends or the Means? Kantian Ethics v/s Utilitarianism. Web. This essay on Media Ethics: Towards Employing Utilitarianism and Kantian Theory in Examining Practical Ethical Issues was written and submitted by user F1rebrand to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Result of US

Result of US Introduction The United States has had an eventful relationship with countries of Latin America. Latin America has historically been the US’s backyard as far as foreign policy is concerned (Cottam 4).Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Result of US-Venezuela Relations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Given its diversity and active politics, various US administrations since Kennedy have focused on different issues including military operations to achieve predetermined political and social ambitions, narcotics control, humanitarian interventions and economic aid to Latin America. Sullivan reinforces Cottam’s suggestion that that US policy concerns in Latin America mainly center on US funding for democracy projects, oil issues, human rights concerns, counter-narcotics and concerns about Venezuela’s involvement in Latin American politics (3). US policy images on Venezuela Relations A keen observer can easily note that Venezuela features in all the above policy issues. Hugo Chavez has led the country since 1998 safe for a brief period in 2002 when he was overthrown through popular protests and pressure from the military. Given his position as leader of the country, his stance on US policies and his pursuit of populist policies in the country and elsewhere in Latin America, Chavez remains a key figure to success or failure of US policies in Venezuela. Despite close relations between US and Venezuela, there has been friction between him and various US administrations. During all those times, US foreign officials have been careful on their wording on Venezuela especially stressing on the need for Chavez to accommodate some of the opposition’s grievances and Chavez’s adherence to democratic principles. It is important to note that the US’s approach in Venezuela is chiefly aimed at ensuring a continued steady supply of oil to the US at a reasonable and stable p rice.Advertising Looking for coursework on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Clemente, some scholars on US’s Latin American policy conclude that US foreign policy officials view Latin American people including Venezuela as temperamental, immature and incapable of self governance (60). There is reluctance or plain lack of effort on the part of US officials to try to learn the exact needs of people of Venezuela. Clemente further asserts that many at times, US officials will ascribe negative moral traits to Latin American leaders like Chavez when these leaders oppose policies fronted by the US in South America (60). The above view by US officials fuels the image of inferior people in Venezuela, who have to subscribe to superior and seemingly â€Å"correct† US direction in the region. This perhaps informed the Bush administration’s support of the coup in Venezuela and support for opponents of Chavez in the pretext of promoting democracy. Implications The result of the above approach has been formulation of a somehow flawed US policy on Venezuela that is characteristic of unequal footing and lack of mutual trust. It is fair to conclude that the above image on Venezuela by the US is a little misguided. As such, its policy on the country is also likely to be error prone which may not be helpful in the long-term to US interests in the country. The above image by US officials has always been a pretext for intervention in Venezuela (Domingue and Fernandez de Castro 1). As noted earlier, the US has intervened in Venezuela through assistance of anti-Chavez groups that apparently promote democracy. The approach based on the above image has so far elicited unwanted reactions from Venezuela whose leader has embarked on a diplomatic counter offensive in Latin America to counter US policies. Given the successful fueling of anti-US sentiment in Latin Ameri ca by Venezuela, it is highly likely that US policy in the region will continue to meet resistance on various quarters. There is need for a shift in the thinking of US policy makers concerning the region. Continued basing of the policies on the above images will likely fuel a more interventionist-oriented US approach in South America which is likely to lead to more backlash.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Result of US-Venezuela Relations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Clement, Christopher. â€Å"Latin American Perspectives: Venezuelan Exceptionalism Revisited†. New Perspectives on Politics and Society. 32. 3 (2005): 60-78. Cottam, Martha. Images and Intervention: U.S. Policies in Latin America, Pittsburgh: Pittsburgh Press, 1994. Print. Domingue, Jorge, and Fernandez de Castro, Rafael. Contemporary U.S.-Latin American Relations: Cooperation or Conflict in the 21st Century, New York: Taylor and Franci s, 2010. Print. Sullivan, Mark. Venezuela: Political Conditions and U.S. Policy, Washington: US Congress, 2005. Print.

Biography of Canadian Civil Rights Icon Viola Desmond

Biography of Canadian Civil Rights Icon Viola Desmond She’s long been compared to Rosa Parks, and  now late civil rights pioneer Viola Desmond will appear on Canada’s $10 banknote. Known for refusing to sit in the segregated section of a movie theater, Desmond will grace  the note, starting in 2018. She will replace Canada’s first prime minister, John A. Macdonald, who will be featured on a higher-value bill instead. Desmond was chosen to appear on the currency after the Bank of Canada  requested submissions for iconic Canadian women to be featured on the bill. News that she was selected came several months after the announcement  that slave-turned-abolitionist Harriet Tubman would appear on the $20 bill in the United States. â€Å"Today is about recognizing the incalculable contribution that all women have had and continue to have in shaping Canada’s story,† Canadian Minister of Finance Bill Morneau said of Desmond’s selection in December 2016. â€Å"Viola Desmond’s own story reminds all of us that big change can start with moments of dignity and bravery. She represents courage, strength and determination- qualities we should all aspire to every day.† It was a long road to get Desmond on the bill. The Bank of Canada received 26,000 nominations and eventually cut that number down to just five finalists. Desmond edged out Mohawk poet E. Pauline Johnson, engineer Elizabeth MacGill, runner Fanny Rosenfeld and suffragette Idola Saint-Jean. But Americans and Canadians alike have admitted they knew little about the race relations pioneer before the landmark decision to feature her on Canadian currency. When Desmond beat out the competition, however, Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau called her selection a â€Å"fantastic choice.† He described Desmond as a â€Å"businesswoman, community leader, and courageous fighter against racism.† So, why were her contributions to society so important that she will be immortalized on the nation’s currency? Get acquainted with Desmond with this biography. A Pioneer Who Gave Back Desmond was born Viola Irene Davis on July 6, 1914, in Halifax,  Nova Scotia. She grew up middle class, and her parents, James Albert and Gwendolin Irene Davis, were highly involved in Halifax’s black community.   When she came of age, Desmond initially pursued a teaching career. But as a child, Desmond developed an interest in cosmetology due to the dearth of black haircare products available in her area. The fact that her father worked as a barber must have inspired her as well.   Halifax’s beauty schools were off limits to black women, so Desmond traveled to Montreal to attend the  Field Beauty Culture School, one of the rare institutions that accepted black students. She also traveled  to  the United States to get the expertise she sought. She even trained with Madam  C.J. Walker, who became a millionaire for pioneering beauty treatments and products for African Americans. Desmond’s tenacity paid off when she received a diploma from Apex College of Beauty Culture and Hairdressing in Atlantic City, N.J. When Desmond received the training she needed, she opened a salon of her own, Vi’s Studio of Beauty Culture in Halifax, in 1937. She also opened up a beauty school, Desmond School of Beauty Culture, because she didn’t want other black women to have to endure the hurdles she had to receive training. Roughly 15 women graduated from her school each year, and they left equipped with the know-how to open their own salons and provide work for black women in their communities, as Desmond’s students came from throughout Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Quebec. Like Desmond had, these women had been rejected from all-white beauty schools. Following in the footsteps of Madam  C.J. Walker, Desmond also launched a beauty line called Vis Beauty Products. Desmond’s love life overlapped with her professional aspirations. She and her husband, Jack Desmond, launched a hybrid barbershop and beauty salon together.    Taking a Stand Nine years before Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on a Montgomery, Ala., bus to a white man, Desmond refused to sit in the black section of a movie theater in New Glasgow, Nova Scotia. She took the stand that would make her a hero in the black community after her car broke down on Nov. 8, 1946, during a trip she took to sell beauty products. Informed that fixing her car would take a day because the parts to do so weren’t readily available, Desmond decided to see a film called â€Å"The Dark Mirror† at New Glasgow’s Roseland Film Theatre. She purchased a ticket at the box office, but when she entered the theater, the usher told her that she had a balcony ticket, not a ticket for the main floor. So, Desmond, who was nearsighted and needed to sit downstairs to see,  went back to the ticket booth to correct the situation. There, the cashier said she wasnt allowed to sell downstairs tickets to blacks. The black businesswoman refused to sit in the balcony and returned to the main floor. There, she was roughly forced out of her seat, arrested and held overnight in jail. Because it cost 1 cent more for a main floor ticket than for a balcony ticket, Desmond was charged with tax evasion. For the offense, she paid a $20 fine and $6 in court fees to be released from custody.    When she arrived home, her husband advised her to drop the matter, but the leaders at her place of worship, Cornwallis Street Baptist Church, urged her to fight for her rights. The Nova Scotia Association for the Advancement of Coloured People offered its support as well, and Desmond hired a lawyer, Frederick Bissett, to represent her in court. The lawsuit he filed against Roseland Theatre proved unsuccessful  because Bissett argued his client was wrongfully accused of tax evasion instead of pointing out that she was discriminated against based on race. Unlike the United States, Jim Crow wasn’t the law of the land in Canada. So, Bissett may have triumphed had he pointed out that this private movie theater attempted to enforce segregated seating. But just because Canada lacked  Jim Crow didn’t mean blacks there eluded racism, which is why Afua Cooper, black Canadian studies professor at Dalhousie University in Halifax, told Al Jazeera that Desmond’s case should be viewed through a Canadian lens. â€Å"I think its about time Canada recognizes its black citizens, people who have suffered,† Cooper said. Canada has its own homegrown racism, anti-black racism, and anti-African racism that it has to deal with without comparing it to the US. We live here. We don’t live in America. Desmond lived in Canada.   The court case marked the first known legal challenge to segregation presented by a black woman in Canada, according to the Bank of Canada. Although Desmond lost, her efforts inspired black Nova Scotians to demand equal treatment and put a spotlight on racial injustice in Canada. Justice Delayed Desmond didn’t see justice in her lifetime. For fighting racial discrimination, she received a great deal of negative attention. This likely put a strain on her marriage, which ended in divorce.  Desmond eventually relocated to Montreal to attend business school. She later moved to New York, where she died alone of a gastrointestinal hemorrhage on Feb. 7, 1965, at age 50. This courageous woman wasn’t vindicated until April 14, 2010, when the lieutenant governor of Nova Scotia issued an official pardon. The pardon recognized that the conviction was wrongful, and Nova Scotia government officials apologized for Desmond’s treatment. Two years later, Desmond was featured on a  Canadian Post stamp. The beauty entrepreneur’s sister, Wanda Robson, has been a consistent advocate for her  and even wrote a book about Desmond called â€Å"Sister to Courage.† When Desmond was chosen to grace Canada’s $10 bill, Robson said, â€Å"It’s a big day to have a woman on a banknote, but it’s an especially big day to have your big sister on a banknote. Our family is extremely proud and honored.† In addition to Robson’s book, Desmond has been featured in the childrens book â€Å"Viola Desmond Wont Be Budged.† Also, Faith Nolan recorded a song about her. But Davis is not the only civil rights pioneer to be the subject of a recording. Stevie Wonder and rap group Outkast have recorded songs about Martin Luther King Jr. and Rosa Parks, respectively. A documentary about Desmonds life, â€Å"Journey to Justice,† debuted in 2000. Fifteen years later,  the government recognized the inaugural Nova Scotia Heritage Day in Desmonds  honor. In 2016, the businesswoman was  featured in a Historica Canada Heritage Minute, a quick dramatized look  at key events in Canadian history. Actress  Kandyse McClure starred as Desmond.